1 A wise son maketh the father glad: but a foolish son is the sorrow of his mother.
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Douay-Rheims American Edition
Proverbs 10
Douay-Rheims American Edition, Verse 1
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 10:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
52
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מִשְׁלֵ֗י שְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה פ בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם יְשַׂמַּח־אָ֑ב וּבֵ֥ן כְּ֝סִ֗יל תּוּגַ֥ת אִמּֽוֹ׃
10 word entries
מִשְׁלֵ֗י
בֵּ֣ן
יְשַׂמַּח
אָ֑ב
וּבֵ֥ן
תּוּגַ֥ת
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Υἱὸς σοφὸς εὐφραίνει πατέρα, υἱὸς δὲ ἄφρων λύπη τῇ μητρί.
10 word entries
Υἱὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
σοφὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σοφός
- Transliteration
- sophos
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- wise
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Wise, skilled, or prudent.
- Occurrences
- 61
εὐφραίνει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- εὐφραίνει
- Transliteration
- eyphrainei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 7
πατέρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πατήρ
- Transliteration
- pater
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- father
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Father or ancestor.
- Occurrences
- 1228
υἱὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ἄφρων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἄφρων
- Transliteration
- aphron
- Morphology
- adjective/substantive, nominative masculine/feminine singular
- Gloss
- foolish, fool
- Part of Speech
- adjective/substantive
- Definition
- Foolish, senseless, or a fool.
- Occurrences
- 50
λύπη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- λύπη
- Transliteration
- lype
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
τῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
μητρί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μητρί
- Transliteration
- metri
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܪܐ ܚܟܝܡܐ ܡܚܕܐ ܠܐܒܘܗܝ ܘܒܪܐ ܚܣܝܪ ܪܥܝܢܐ ܡܒܗܬ ܠܐܡܗ
9 word entries
ܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- bara
- Morphology
- verb/noun form, context-dependent
- Gloss
- created; son
- Occurrences
- 103
ܚܟܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܟܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- hkym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 64
ܡܚܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܕܐ
- Transliteration
- mhd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܠܐܒܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܒܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- l'bwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 17
ܘܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- wbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 10
ܚܣܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܣܝܪ
- Transliteration
- hsyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 13
ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- r'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 18
ܡܒܗܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܒܗܬ
- Transliteration
- mbht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܐܡܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܡܗ
- Transliteration
- l'mh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 10
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מַתְלוֹי דִשְׁלֹמֹה בַּר חַכִּימָא נֶחֱדֵי אֲבוּי וּבְרָא סַכְלָא מְחַמֵץ לְאִמֵיהּ׃
10 word entries
מַתְלוֹי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תלוי
- Transliteration
- mtlwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
דִשְׁלֹמֹה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שלמה
- Transliteration
- dshlmh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 328
בַּר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- br
- Morphology
- noun masculine singular
- Gloss
- son
- Occurrences
- 2734
חַכִּימָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חכימא
- Transliteration
- chkym'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 44
נֶחֱדֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נחדי
- Transliteration
- nchdy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
אֲבוּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אבוי
- Transliteration
- 'bwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 33
וּבְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ברא
- Transliteration
- wbr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 141
סַכְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סכלא
- Transliteration
- skl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 38
מְחַמֵץ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמץ
- Transliteration
- mchmts
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
לְאִמֵיהּ׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אמיה
- Transliteration
- l'myh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 78
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
[Filius sapiens lætificat patrem, filius vero stultus mœstitia est matris suæ.
13 word entries
parabolae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- parabola
- Transliteration
- parabolae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 77
Salomonis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Salomon
- Transliteration
- Salomonis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 269
filius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
sapiens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sapiens
- Transliteration
- sapiens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 208
laetificat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- laetifico
- Transliteration
- laetificat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 26
patrem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pater
- Transliteration
- patrem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1575
filius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
vero
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uero
- Transliteration
- vero
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 537
stultus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- stultus
- Transliteration
- stultus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 129
maestitia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- maestitia
- Transliteration
- maestitia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
matris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mater
- Transliteration
- matris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 321
suae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 1:1
The parables of Solomon, the son of David, king of Israel.
20 relevance votesProverbs 29:15
The rod and reproof give wisdom: but the child that is left to his own will bringeth his mother to shame.
13 relevance votesProverbs 17:25
A foolish son is the anger of the father: and the sorrow of the mother that bore him.
13 relevance votesProverbs 29:3
A man that loveth wisdom, rejoiceth his father: but he that maintaineth bar lots, shall squander away his substance.
12 relevance votesProverbs 15:20
A wise son maketh a father joyful: but the foolish man despiseth his mother.
9 relevance votesProverbs 17:21
A fool is born to his own disgrace: and even his father shall not rejoice in a fool.
8 relevance votesEcclesiastes 12:9
And whereas Ecclesiastes was very wise, he taught the people, and declared the things that he had done: and seeking out, he set forth many parables.
6 relevance votesProverbs 19:13
A foolish son is the grief of his father: and a wrangling wife is like a roof continually dropping through.
5 relevance votesProverbs 25:1
These are also parables of Solomon, which the men of Ezechias king of Juda copied out.
3 relevance votesEcclesiastes 2:19
Whom I know not whether he will be a wise man or a fool, and he shall have rule over all my labours with which I have laboured and been solicitous: and is there any thing so vain?
3 relevance votes1 Kings 4:32
Solomon also spoke three thousand parables: and his poems were a thousand and five.
2 relevance votes