Daniel 8

Douay-Rheims American Edition, Verse 23

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²³ And after their reign, when iniquities shall be grown up, there shall arise a king of a shameless face, and understanding dark sentences.

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Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Daniel 8:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4

Word Entries 52

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וּֽבְאַחֲרִית֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ם כְּהָתֵ֖ם הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים יַעֲמֹ֛ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עַז־פָּנִ֖ים וּמֵבִ֥ין חִידֽוֹת׃

10 word entries

וּֽבְאַחֲרִית֙

Lemma: c/b/319
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H319
Occurrences: 2

מַלְכוּתָ֔ם

Lemma: 4438
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4438
Occurrences: 58

כְּהָתֵ֖ם

Lemma: k/8552
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb hiphil infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8552
Occurrences: 3

הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים

Lemma: d/6586
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H6586
Occurrences: 2

יַעֲמֹ֛ד

Lemma: 5975
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5975
Occurrences: 265

מֶ֥לֶךְ

Lemma: 4428
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1112

עַז

Lemma: 5794
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H5794
Occurrences: 23

פָּנִ֖ים

Lemma: 6440
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 630

וּמֵבִ֥ין

Lemma: c/995
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H995
Occurrences: 31

חִידֽוֹת

Lemma: 2420
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2420
Occurrences: 8

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῆς βασιλείας αὐτῶν, πληρουμένων τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν, ἀναστήσεται βασιλεὺς ἀναιδὴς προσώπῳ, καὶ συνιῶν προβλήματα·

17 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐπʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: ep
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

ἐσχάτων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐσχάτων
Transliteration: eschaton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 27

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βασιλείας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεία
Transliteration: basileia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: kingdom, reign
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Kingdom, reign, royal power, or dominion.
Occurrences: 343

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

πληρουμένων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πληρουμένων
Transliteration: pleroymenon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἁμαρτιῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἁμαρτία
Transliteration: hamartia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: sin
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sin, error, or wrongdoing.
Occurrences: 450

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἀναστήσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀναστήσεται
Transliteration: anastesetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

βασιλεὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

ἀναιδὴς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀναιδὴς
Transliteration: anaides
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

προσώπῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: προσώπῳ
Transliteration: prosopo
Morphology: dative singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 34

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

συνιῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: συνιῶν
Transliteration: synion
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

προβλήματα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: προβλήματα
Transliteration: problemata
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܒܣܘܦ ܡܠܟܘܬܗܘܢ ܡܐ ܕܫܠܡ̣ܘ ܚܘ̈ܒܐ ܢܩܘܡ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ ܬܩܝܦ ܐ̈ܦܐ ܘܡܣ̇ܬܟܠ ܐܘܚ̈ܕܢ

11 word entries

ܘܒܣܘܦ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WBSWP
Morphology: W-B-SWP/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܠܟܘܬܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MLKWTHWN
Morphology: MLKW/T-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M>
Morphology: M>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܫܠܡ̣ܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DCLM#W
Morphology: D-CLM[W:d
Occurrences: 0

ܚܘ̈ܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XW"B>
Morphology: XWB=/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܢܩܘܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: NQWM
Morphology: !N!QWM[
Occurrences: 0

ܡ̇ܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M^LK>
Morphology: MLK/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܩܝܦ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TQJP
Morphology: TQJP/
Occurrences: 0

ܐ̈ܦܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >"P>
Morphology: >(NP/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܡܣ̇ܬܟܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WMS^TKL
Morphology: W-!M!@(>(T&S@(S&TKL=[/:d
Occurrences: 0

ܐܘܚ̈ܕܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >WX"DN
Morphology: >WXDN/
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et post regnum eorum, cum creverint iniquitates, consurget rex impudens facie, et intelligens propositiones;

14 word entries

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

post

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: post
Transliteration: post
Morphology: preliminary Latin finite verb, 3rd singular
Occurrences: 621

regnum

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: regnum
Transliteration: regnum
Morphology: preliminary Latin nominal/adjectival form
Occurrences: 499

eorum

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: eorum
Transliteration: eorum
Morphology: preliminary Latin nominal/adjectival form
Occurrences: 55

cum

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: preliminary Latin nominal/adjectival form
Occurrences: 5272

creverint

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: creverint
Transliteration: creverint
Morphology: preliminary Latin verb, 3rd plural
Occurrences: 1

iniquitates

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: iniquitates
Transliteration: iniquitates
Morphology: preliminary Latin source token
Occurrences: 5

consurget

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: consurget
Transliteration: consurget
Morphology: preliminary Latin finite verb, 3rd singular
Occurrences: 5

rex

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: rex
Morphology: preliminary Latin source token
Occurrences: 2981

impudens

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: impudens
Transliteration: impudens
Morphology: preliminary Latin source token
Occurrences: 3

facie

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: facie
Transliteration: facie
Morphology: preliminary Latin source token
Occurrences: 5

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

intelligens

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: intelligens
Transliteration: intelligens
Morphology: preliminary Latin source token
Occurrences: 6

propositiones

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Note: Machine-enriched from transliteration and language rules. Detailed morphology is pending a dedicated source import.
Lemma: propositiones
Transliteration: propositiones
Morphology: preliminary Latin source token
Occurrences: 1

Source availability notes

These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.

Targum Aramaic not in current source set
No license-clean Targum panel is currently mapped for this book in the imported public-domain source set.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Revelation 19:20

And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet, who wrought signs before him, wherewith he seduced them who received the character of the beast, and who adored his image. These two were cast alive into the pool of fire, burning with brimstone.

8 relevance votes

1 Timothy 4:1

Now the Spirit manifestly saith, that in the last times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to spirits of error, and doctrines of devils,

7 relevance votes

Daniel 7:11

I beheld because of the voice of the great words which that horn spoke: and I saw that the beast was slain, and the body thereof was destroyed, and given to the fire to be burnt:

5 relevance votes

Daniel 7:8

I considered the horns, and behold another little horn sprung out of the midst of them: and three of the first horns were plucked up at the presence thereof: and behold eyes like the eyes of a man were in this horn, and a mouth speaking great things.

5 relevance votes

Daniel 7:20

And concerning the ten horns that he had on his head: and concerning the other that came up, before which three horns fell: and of that horn that had eyes, and a mouth speaking great things, and was greater than the rest.

5 relevance votes

Daniel 7:25

And he shall speak words against the High One, and shall crush the saints of the most High: and he shall think himself able to change times and laws, and they shall be delivered into his hand until a time, and times, and half a time.

4 relevance votes

Daniel 8:25

According to his will, and craft shall be successful in his hand: and his heart shall be puffed up, and in the abundance of all things he shall kill many: and he shall rise up against the prince of princes, and shall be broken without hand.

3 relevance votes

Ezekiel 38:8

After many days thou shalt be visited: at the end of years thou shalt come to the land that is returned from the sword, and is gathered out of many nations, to the mountains of Israel which have been continually waste: but it hath been brought forth out of the nations, and they shall all of them dwell securely in it.

3 relevance votes

Ezekiel 38:16

And thou shalt come upon my people of Israel like a cloud, to cover the earth. Thou shalt be in the latter days, and I will bring thee upon my land: that the nations may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O Gog, before their eyes.

3 relevance votes

Deuteronomy 28:50

A most insolent nation, that will shew no regard to the ancients, nor have pity on the infant,

2 relevance votes

Daniel 10:14

But I am come to teach thee what things shall befall thy people in the latter days, for as yet the vision is for days.

2 relevance votes

Daniel 11:24

And he shall enter into rich and plentiful cities: and he shall do that which his fathers never did, nor his fathers’ fathers: he shall scatter their spoils, and their prey, and their riches, and shall forecast devices against the best fenced places: and this until a time.

2 relevance votes

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