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Darby Bible

Proverbs 5

Darby Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ but her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a two-edged sword.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 5:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 47

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְֽ֭אַחֲרִיתָהּ מָרָ֣ה כַֽלַּעֲנָ֑ה חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת׃

6 word entries

וְֽ֭אַחֲרִיתָהּ

Lemma: c/319
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H319
Occurrences: 14

מָרָ֣ה

Lemma: 4751
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H4751
Occurrences: 22

כַֽלַּעֲנָ֑ה

Lemma: k/3939
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3939
Occurrences: 1

חַ֝דָּ֗ה

Lemma: 2299
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H2299
Occurrences: 4

כְּחֶ֣רֶב

Lemma: k/2719
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2719
Occurrences: 4

פִּיּֽוֹת

Lemma: 6310
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6310
Occurrences: 266

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ὕστερον μέντοι πικρότερον χολῆς εὑρήσεις, καὶ ἠκονημένον μᾶλλον μαχαίρας διστόμου.

10 word entries

ὕστερον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὕστερον
Transliteration: ysteron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

μέντοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μέντοι
Transliteration: mentoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

πικρότερον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πικρότερον
Transliteration: pikroteron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

χολῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χολῆς
Transliteration: choles
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

εὑρήσεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: εὑρήσεις
Transliteration: eyreseis
Morphology: Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἠκονημένον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἠκονημένον
Transliteration: ekonemenon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

μᾶλλον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μᾶλλον
Transliteration: mallon
Morphology: comparative adverb
Gloss: more, rather
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: More, rather, to a greater degree.
Occurrences: 40

μαχαίρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μάχαιρα
Transliteration: machairas
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative plural or genitive singular
Gloss: swords
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sword, dagger, or large knife.
Occurrences: 156

διστόμου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: διστόμου
Transliteration: distomoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܚܪܬܗܝܢ ܡܢ ܓܕ̈ܕܐ ܡܪܝܪܐ ܚܪܝܦܐ ܗܝ ܓܝܪ ܡܢ ܣܝܦܐ ܕܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܦܘܡ̈ܘܗܝ

11 word entries

ܘܚܪܬܗܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܪܬܗܝܢ
Transliteration: whrthyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܓܕ̈ܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܕܕܐ
Transliteration: gdd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

ܡܪܝܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܪܐ
Transliteration: mryr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 24

ܚܪܝܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܪܝܦܐ
Transliteration: hryp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 5

ܗܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܝ
Transliteration: hi
Morphology: pronoun/copula, feminine singular
Gloss: she, it, is
Occurrences: 578

ܓܝܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܝܪ
Transliteration: gyr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 455

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܣܝܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܝܦܐ
Transliteration: syp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 34

ܕܬܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܬܪܝܢ
Transliteration: dtryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 22

ܦܘܡ̈ܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܘܡܘܗܝ
Transliteration: pwmwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְאַחֲרַיְתָהּ מְרִירָא הֵיךְ גִירָא חֲרִיפָא מִן סַיְפָא דִתְרֵין פּוּמִין׃

9 word entries

וְאַחֲרַיְתָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אחריתה
Transliteration: w'chryth
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

מְרִירָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רירא
Transliteration: mryr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 7

הֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: hyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 459

גִירָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גירא
Transliteration: gyr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 10

חֲרִיפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חריפא
Transliteration: chryp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

סַיְפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיפא
Transliteration: syp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 36

דִתְרֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תרין
Transliteration: dtryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 213

פּוּמִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פומין
Transliteration: pwmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

novissima autem illius amara quasi absinthium, et acuta quasi gladius biceps.

11 word entries

novissima

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nouus
Transliteration: novissima
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 312

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

illius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: illius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

amara

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: amarus
Transliteration: amara
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 41

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

absinthium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: absinthium
Transliteration: absinthium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 9

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

acuta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: acutus
Transliteration: acuta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 22

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

gladius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gladius
Transliteration: gladius
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 462

biceps

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: biceps
Transliteration: biceps
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 5

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Ranked cross references

Ecclesiastes 7:26

Psalms 55:21

Psalms 57:4

Hebrews 4:12

Proverbs 9:18