4 It is not for kings, Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, nor for rulers [to say], Where is the strong drink?
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 31:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
50
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
אַ֤ל לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים ׀ לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל אַ֣ל לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים שְׁתוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים או שֵׁכָֽר׃
11 word entries
לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים
לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים
שְׁתוֹ
יָ֑יִן
וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢ ܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܡܘܐܝܠ ܐܙܕܗܪ ܡܢ ܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܕܫ̈ܬܝܢ ܚܡܪܐ ܘܡܢ ܫ̈ܠܝܛܢܐ ܕܫܬܝܢ ܫܟܪܐ
12 word entries
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܡ̈ܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܡܘܐܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܐܝܠ
- Transliteration
- mw'yl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܙܕܗܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܙܕܗܪ
- Transliteration
- 'zdhr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 8
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܡ̈ܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܕܫ̈ܬܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܬܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dshtyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܚܡܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܡܪܐ
- Transliteration
- hmr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 95
ܘܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܢ
- Transliteration
- wmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 827
ܫ̈ܠܝܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܠܝܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- shlytn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 17
ܕܫܬܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܬܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dshtyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܫܟܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܟܪܐ
- Transliteration
- shkr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 10
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אִזְדְהַר מִן מַלְכֵי לְמוֹאֵל מִן מַלְכֵי דְשָׁתִין חַמְרָא וּמִן שִׁלְטוֹנֵי דְשָׁתִין שִׁכְרָא׃
12 word entries
אִזְדְהַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אזדהר
- Transliteration
- 'zdhr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
מַלְכֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לכי
- Transliteration
- mlky
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 93
לְמוֹאֵל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מואל
- Transliteration
- lmw'l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
מַלְכֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לכי
- Transliteration
- mlky
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 93
דְשָׁתִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שתין
- Transliteration
- dshtyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 30
חַמְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמרא
- Transliteration
- chmr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 93
וּמִן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ומן
- Transliteration
- wmn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 310
שִׁלְטוֹנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שלטוני
- Transliteration
- shltwny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 20
דְשָׁתִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שתין
- Transliteration
- dshtyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 30
שִׁכְרָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שכרא
- Transliteration
- shkr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 3
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Noli regibus, o Lamuel, noli regibus dare vinum, quia nullum secretum est ubi regnat ebrietas;
15 word entries
noli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nolo
- Transliteration
- noli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 620
regibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- regibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
o
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- o
- Transliteration
- o
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 75
Lamuhel
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Lamuel
- Transliteration
- Lamuhel
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
noli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nolo
- Transliteration
- noli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 620
regibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- regibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
dare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- do
- Transliteration
- dare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2116
vinum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uinum
- Transliteration
- vinum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 224
quia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quia
- Transliteration
- quia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2543
nullum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nullus
- Transliteration
- nullum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 196
secretum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- secretus
- Transliteration
- secretum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 16
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
ubi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ubi
- Transliteration
- ubi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 354
regnat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- regno
- Transliteration
- regnat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 342
ebrietas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ebrietas
- Transliteration
- ebrietas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 22
Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note
English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink:" This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate structure
This Greek source uses tradition-specific ordering or verse grouping here. The closest one-to-one panel is not currently attached for this exact reference.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 20:1
Wine is a scorner, strong drink is raging; and whoso erreth thereby is not wise.
12 relevance votesEcclesiastes 10:17
Happy art thou, O land, when thy king is a son of nobles, and thy princes eat in [due] season, for strength, and not for drunkenness!
9 relevance votesIsaiah 5:22
Woe unto them that are mighty for drinking wine, and men valiant to mix strong drink;
9 relevance votesHabakkuk 2:5
And moreover, the wine is treacherous: he is a proud man, and keepeth not at rest, he enlargeth his desire as Sheol, and he is like death and cannot be satisfied; and he assembleth unto him all nations, and gathereth unto him all peoples.
5 relevance votesEsther 3:15
The couriers went out, being hastened by the king's commandment, and the decree was given in Shushan the fortress. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was in consternation.
4 relevance votes1 Kings 20:12
And it came to pass when he heard this word, as he was drinking, he and the kings in the tents, that he said to his servants, Set yourselves. And they set themselves against the city.
3 relevance votes