12 If a ruler hearken to lying words, all his servants are wicked.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 29:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
42
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מֹ֭שֵׁל מַקְשִׁ֣יב עַל־דְּבַר־שָׁ֑קֶר כָּֽל־מְשָׁרְתָ֥יו רְשָׁעִֽים׃
8 word entries
מֹ֭שֵׁל
מַקְשִׁ֣יב
עַל
דְּבַר
שָׁ֑קֶר
כָּֽל
מְשָׁרְתָ֥יו
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Βασιλέως ὑπακούοντος λόγον ἄδικον, πάντες οἱ ὑπʼ αὐτὸν παράνομοι.
9 word entries
Βασιλέως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύς
- Transliteration
- basileus
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- king
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- King or ruler.
- Occurrences
- 3067
ὑπακούοντος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ὑπακούοντος
- Transliteration
- ypakoyontos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
λόγον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λόγος
- Transliteration
- logon
- Morphology
- noun, masculine accusative singular
- Gloss
- word, matter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
- Strong's
- G3056
- Occurrences
- 1103
ἄδικον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἄδικον
- Transliteration
- adikon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 29
πάντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ὑπʼ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὑπό
- Transliteration
- hyp
- Morphology
- preposition, elided form
- Gloss
- under, by
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided form of ὑπό.
- Occurrences
- 443
αὐτὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
παράνομοι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- παράνομοι
- Transliteration
- paranomoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܠܝܛܐ ܕܫܡܥ ܡܠܬܐ ܕܓܠܬܐ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܦ̈ܠܚܘܗܝ ܥܘܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ
8 word entries
ܫܠܝܛܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܠܝܛܐ
- Transliteration
- shlyt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 64
ܕܫܡܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܡܥ
- Transliteration
- dshm'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 33
ܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- meltha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- word, matter
- Occurrences
- 116
ܕܓܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܓܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dglt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 13
ܟܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- klhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 719
ܦ̈ܠܚܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܠܚܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- plhwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 11
ܥܘܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'wlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1636
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
שָׁלִיטָא דְצָאֵת מִלֵי דְשִׁקְרָא כֻּלְהוֹן מְשֻׁמְשָׁנוֹי רַשִׁיעֵי׃
7 word entries
שָׁלִיטָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שליטא
- Transliteration
- shlyt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 7
דְצָאֵת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צאת
- Transliteration
- dts't
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
מִלֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מלי
- Transliteration
- mly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 102
דְשִׁקְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שקרא
- Transliteration
- dshqr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 195
כֻּלְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- להון
- Transliteration
- klhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 43
מְשֻׁמְשָׁנוֹי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמשנוי
- Transliteration
- mshmshnwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
רַשִׁיעֵי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רשיעי
- Transliteration
- rshy'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 98
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Princeps qui libenter audit verba mendacii, omnes ministros habet impios.
10 word entries
princeps
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- princeps
- Transliteration
- princeps
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 830
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
libenter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- libenter
- Transliteration
- libenter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 19
audit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
verba
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verba
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
mendacii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mendacium
- Transliteration
- mendacii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 105
omnes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
ministros
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- minister
- Transliteration
- ministros
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 88
habebit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- habeo
- Transliteration
- habebit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1641
impios
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- impius
- Transliteration
- impios
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 267
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 20:8
A king sitting on the throne of judgment scattereth away all evil with his eyes.
5 relevance votesProverbs 25:23
The north wind bringeth forth rain, and the angry countenance a backbiting tongue.
1 relevance votes