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Darby Bible

Proverbs 18

Darby Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ The words of a man's mouth are deep waters, [and] the fountain of wisdom is a gushing brook.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 18:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 49

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מַ֣יִם עֲ֭מֻקִּים דִּבְרֵ֣י פִי־אִ֑ישׁ נַ֥חַל נֹ֝בֵ֗עַ מְק֣וֹר חָכְמָֽה׃

9 word entries

מַ֣יִם

Lemma: 4325
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4325
Occurrences: 325

עֲ֭מֻקִּים

Lemma: 6013
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6013
Occurrences: 14

דִּבְרֵ֣י

Lemma: 1697
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1697
Occurrences: 866

פִי

Lemma: 6310
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6310
Occurrences: 266

אִ֑ישׁ

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

נַ֥חַל

Lemma: 5158 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5158
Occurrences: 66

נֹ֝בֵ֗עַ

Lemma: 5042
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5042
Occurrences: 11

מְק֣וֹר

Lemma: 4726
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4726
Occurrences: 15

חָכְמָֽה

Lemma: 2451
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2451
Occurrences: 102

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὕδωρ βαθὺ λόγος ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀνδρὸς, ποταμὸς δὲ ἀναπηδύει καὶ πηγὴ ζωῆς.

12 word entries

Ὕδωρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

βαθὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βαθὺ
Transliteration: bathy
Morphology: rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
Gloss: rare source form
Part of Speech: adverb/adjectival form
Definition: Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
Occurrences: 4

λόγος

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: λόγος
Transliteration: logos
Morphology: noun
Gloss: Word
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
Strong's: G3056
Occurrences: 1103

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

καρδίᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

ἀνδρὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andros
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss: of a man, husband
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

ποταμὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποταμὸς
Transliteration: potamos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 31

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἀναπηδύει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀναπηδύει
Transliteration: anapedyei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

πηγὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πηγὴ
Transliteration: pege
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

ζωῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ζωή
Transliteration: zoes
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss: of life
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Life, living existence.
Occurrences: 182

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡ̈ܝܐ ܥܡ̈ܝܩܐ ܡ̈ܠܝ ܦܘܡܗ ܕܓܒܪܐ ܘܢܚܠܐ ܕܢܒܥ ܡܒܘܥܐ ܕܚܟܡܬܐ

9 word entries

ܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܝܐ
Transliteration: maya
Morphology: noun, plural form
Gloss: waters
Occurrences: 206

ܥܡ̈ܝܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܝܩܐ
Transliteration: 'myq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 8

ܡ̈ܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܠܝ
Transliteration: mly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 36

ܦܘܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܘܡܗ
Transliteration: pwmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 115

ܕܓܒܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܓܒܪܐ
Transliteration: dgbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 109

ܘܢܚܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܚܠܐ
Transliteration: wnhl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

ܕܢܒܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܒܥ
Transliteration: dnb'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܡܒܘܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܒܘܥܐ
Transliteration: mbw''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 24

ܕܚܟܡܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܟܡܬܐ
Transliteration: dhkmt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 24

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מַיָא עֲמִיקֵי פּוּמֵיהּ דְגַבְרָא נַחֲלָא דְנָבֵיעַ מַבּוּעַ דְחָכְמְתָא׃

8 word entries

מַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיא
Transliteration: my'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 233

עֲמִיקֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמיקי
Transliteration: 'myqy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

פּוּמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פומיה
Transliteration: pwmyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 77

דְגַבְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גברא
Transliteration: dgbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 524

נַחֲלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נחלא
Transliteration: nchl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 71

דְנָבֵיעַ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נביע
Transliteration: dnby'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

מַבּוּעַ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בוע
Transliteration: mbw'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

דְחָכְמְתָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חכמתא
Transliteration: dchkmt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 56

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Aqua profunda verba ex ore viri, et torrens redundans fons sapientiæ.

11 word entries

aqua

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aqua
Transliteration: aqua
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 692

profunda

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: profundus
Transliteration: profunda
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 21

verba

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uerbum
Transliteration: verba
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1162

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ex
Transliteration: ex
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1715

ore

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: os
Transliteration: ore
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 657

viri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

torrens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: torrens
Transliteration: torrens
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 122

redundans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: redundo
Transliteration: redundans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 12

fons

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fons
Transliteration: fons
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 95

sapientiae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sapientia
Transliteration: sapientiae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 345

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 18

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Ranked cross references

Proverbs 20:5

Proverbs 10:11

Colossians 4:6

Proverbs 13:14

John 4:14

Colossians 3:16

Matthew 12:34

Psalms 78:2

Proverbs 16:22