Ruth 4

Bible in Basic English, Verse 21

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²¹ And Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed;

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 4:21. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בֹּ֔עַז וּבֹ֖עַז הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עוֹבֵֽד׃

8 word entries

וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙

Lemma: c/8012
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8012
Occurrences: 1

הוֹלִ֣יד

Lemma: 3205
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3205
Occurrences: 300

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

בֹּ֔עַז

Lemma: 1162
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1162
Occurrences: 19

וּבֹ֖עַז

Lemma: c/1162
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1162
Occurrences: 3

הוֹלִ֥יד

Lemma: 3205
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3205
Occurrences: 300

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

עוֹבֵֽד

Lemma: 5744
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5744
Occurrences: 5

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ Σαλμὼν ἐγέννησε τὸν Βοόζ· καὶ Βοὸζ ἐγέννησε τὸν Ὠβήδ·

10 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Σαλμὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σαλμὼν
Transliteration: salmon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ἐγέννησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γεννάω
Transliteration: egennese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he fathered, begot
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To beget, father, bear, or give birth.
Occurrences: 131

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Βοόζ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Βοόζ
Transliteration: booz
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Βοόζ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Βοὸζ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Βοὸζ
Transliteration: booz
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Βοὸζ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

ἐγέννησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γεννάω
Transliteration: egennese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he fathered, begot
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To beget, father, bear, or give birth.
Occurrences: 131

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ὠβήδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: Ὠβήδ
Transliteration: obed
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ὠβήδ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܫܠܐ̣ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܒܥܙ ܘܒܥܙ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܥܘܒܪ

6 word entries

ܘܫܠܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܠܐ
Transliteration: wshl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܐܘܠܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܠܕ
Transliteration: 'wld
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 101

ܠܒܥܙ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܥܙ
Transliteration: lb'z
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 3

ܘܒܥܙ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܥܙ
Transliteration: wb'z
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܐܘܠܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܠܕ
Transliteration: 'wld
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 101

ܠܥܘܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܥܘܒܪ
Transliteration: l'wbr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 5

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְשַׂלְמוֹן אוֹלֵיד יָת אִבְצָן נְגִידָא הוּא בוֹעַז צַדִּיקָא דְּעַל זְכוּתֵיהּ אִשְׁתֵּיזַבוּ עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד בַּעֲלֵי דְּבָבֵיהוֹן וּבְגִין צְלוֹתֵיהּ עֲדָא כַפְנָא מֵאַרְעָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבוֹעַז אוֹלֵיד יָת עוֹבֵד דִּפְלַח לְמָרֵי עָלְמָא בְּלֵב שְׁלִים׃

32 word entries

וְשַׂלְמוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלמון
Transliteration: wshlmwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

אוֹלֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוליד
Transliteration: 'wlyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 105

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

אִבְצָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבצן
Transliteration: 'btsn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

נְגִידָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נגידא
Transliteration: ngyd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 8

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

בוֹעַז

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ועז
Transliteration: bw'z
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 22

צַדִּיקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צדיקא
Transliteration: tsdyq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 74

דְּעַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דעל
Transliteration: d'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 47

זְכוּתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זכותיה
Transliteration: zkwtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 33

אִשְׁתֵּיזַבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשתיזבו
Transliteration: 'shtyzbw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

עַמָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 1754

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

מִיַּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיד
Transliteration: myd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 53

בַּעֲלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלי
Transliteration: b'ly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 440

דְּבָבֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בביהון
Transliteration: dbbyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 53

וּבְגִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בגין
Transliteration: wbgyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 14

צְלוֹתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צלותיה
Transliteration: tslwtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 28

עֲדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עדא
Transliteration: 'd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 12

כַפְנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פנא
Transliteration: kpn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

מֵאַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: m'r''
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: from earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: dyshr'l
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + proper noun
Gloss: of/that Israel
Occurrences: 2312

וּבוֹעַז

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בועז
Transliteration: wbw'z
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

אוֹלֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוליד
Transliteration: 'wlyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 105

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

עוֹבֵד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עובד
Transliteration: 'wbd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 71

דִּפְלַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלח
Transliteration: dplch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 44

לְמָרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרי
Transliteration: lmry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 88

עָלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: 'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

בְּלֵב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בלב
Transliteration: blb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

שְׁלִים׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלים
Transliteration: shlym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 80

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Salmon genuit Booz, Booz genuit Obed,

6 word entries

Salma

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Salma
Transliteration: Salma
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 5

genuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gigno
Transliteration: genuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 302

Booz

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Booz
Transliteration: Booz
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 23

Booz

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Booz
Transliteration: Booz
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 23

genuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gigno
Transliteration: genuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 302

Obed

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Obed
Transliteration: Obed
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 15

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Luke 3:32

The son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon,

4 relevance votes

Matthew 1:5

And the son of Salmon by Rahab was Boaz; and the son of Boaz by Ruth was Obed; and the son of Obed was Jesse;

4 relevance votes

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