15 Because the work of the law is seen in their hearts, their sense of right and wrong giving witness to it, while their minds are at one time judging them and at another giving them approval;
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 2:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
88
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
οἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν, συμμαρτυρούσης αὐτῶν τῆς συνειδήσεως, καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων,
24 word entries
οἵτινες
ἐνδείκνυνται
- Lemma
- endeiknuntai
- Transliteration
- endeiknuntai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1731
- Occurrences
- 1
τὸ
ἔργον
τοῦ
νόμου
γραπτὸν
ἐν
ταῖς
καρδίαις
αὐτῶν
συμμαρτυρούσης
- Lemma
- summarturoushv
- Transliteration
- summarturoushv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4828
- Occurrences
- 2
αὐτῶν
τῆς
συνειδήσεως
- Lemma
- suneidhsewv
- Transliteration
- suneidhsewv
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4893
- Occurrences
- 8
καὶ
μεταξὺ
ἀλλήλων
τῶν
λογισμῶν
κατηγορούντων
- Lemma
- kathgorountwn
- Transliteration
- kathgorountwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2723
- Occurrences
- 1
ἢ
καὶ
ἀπολογουμένων
- Lemma
- apologoumenwn
- Transliteration
- apologoumenwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle genitive plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G626
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν, συνμαρτυρούσης αὐτῶν τῆς συνειδήσεως καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων,
24 word entries
ἐνδείκνυνται
- Lemma
- ἐνδείκνυμι
- Morphology
- V-PMI-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G1731
- Occurrences
- 11
τὸ
τοῦ
ἐν
ταῖς
συνμαρτυρούσης
- Lemma
- συμμαρτυρέω
- Morphology
- V-PAP-GSF
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G4828
- Occurrences
- 3
τῆς
συνειδήσεως
- Lemma
- συνείδησις
- Morphology
- N-GSF
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G4893
- Occurrences
- 31
καὶ
τῶν
καὶ
ἀπολογουμένων,
- Lemma
- ἀπολογέομαι
- Morphology
- V-PNP-GPM
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G0626
- Occurrences
- 10
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܗܢܘܢ ܡܚܘܝܢ ܥܒܕܗ ܕܢܡܘܣܐ ܟܕ ܟܬܝܒ ܥܠ ܠܒܗܘܢ ܘܡܣܗܕܐ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܬܐܪܬܗܘܢ ܟܕ ܡܚܫܒܬܗܘܢ ܡܟܘܢܢ ܐܘ ܢܦܩܢ ܪܘܚܐ ܠܚܕܕܐ
18 word entries
ܘܗܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- whnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 55
ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mhwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܥܒܕܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܕܗ
- Transliteration
- 'bdh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 20
ܕܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- dnmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 35
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܟܬܝܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܬܝܒ
- Transliteration
- ktyb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 40
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܠܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lbhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܡܣܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܣܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- wmshd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܥܠܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'lyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 81
ܬܐܪܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܐܪܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- t'rthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܡܚܫܒܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܫܒܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- mhshbthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 8
ܡܟܘܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܟܘܢܢ
- Transliteration
- mkwnn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘ
- Transliteration
- 'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 312
ܢܦܩܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܩܢ
- Transliteration
- npqn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 9
ܪܘܚܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܚܐ
- Transliteration
- ruha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- spirit, wind
- Occurrences
- 199
ܠܚܕܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܚܕܕܐ
- Transliteration
- lhdd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
qui ostendunt opus legis scriptum in cordibus suis, testimonium reddente illis conscientia ipsorum, et inter se invicem cogitationibus accusantibus, aut etiam defendentibus,
22 word entries
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
ostendunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ostendo
- Transliteration
- ostendunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 240
opus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- opus
- Transliteration
- opus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 656
legis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- legis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
scriptum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scribo
- Transliteration
- scriptum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 451
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
cordibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cor
- Transliteration
- cordibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1028
suis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
testimonium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- testimonium
- Transliteration
- testimonium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 298
reddente
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- reddo
- Transliteration
- reddente
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 267
illis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
conscientia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conscientia
- Transliteration
- conscientia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 36
ipsorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
inter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inter
- Transliteration
- inter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 502
se
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- se
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
invicem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuicem
- Transliteration
- invicem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 118
cogitationum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cogitatio
- Transliteration
- cogitationum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 138
accusantium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accuso
- Transliteration
- accusantium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 39
aut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aut
- Transliteration
- aut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 509
etiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- etiam
- Transliteration
- etiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 326
defendentium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- defendo
- Transliteration
- defendentium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Corinthians 5:11
Having in mind, then, the fear of the Lord, we put these things before men, but God sees our hearts; and it is my hope that we may seem right in your eyes.
9 relevance votesTitus 1:15
To the clean in heart all things are clean: but to those who are unclean and without faith nothing is clean; they become unclean in mind and in thought.
7 relevance votes2 Corinthians 1:12
For our glory is in this, in the knowledge which we have that our way of life in the world, and most of all in relation to you, has been holy and true in the eyes of God; not in the wisdom of the flesh, but in the grace of God.
7 relevance votesRomans 9:1
I say what is true in Christ, and not what is false, my mind giving witness with me in the Holy Spirit,
6 relevance votes1 Timothy 4:2
Through the false ways of men whose words are untrue, whose hearts are burned as with a heated iron;
6 relevance votesJob 27:6
I will keep it safe, and will not let it go: my heart has nothing to say against any part of my life.
6 relevance votes1 Kings 2:44
And the king said to Shimei, You have knowledge of all the evil which you did to David my father; and now the Lord has sent back your evil on yourself.
4 relevance votesGenesis 20:5
Did he not say to me himself, She is my sister? and she herself said, He is my brother: with an upright heart and clean hands have I done this.
4 relevance votesEcclesiastes 7:22
Your heart has knowledge how frequently others have been cursed by you.
4 relevance votesActs 24:16
And in this, I do my best at all times to have no reason for shame before God or men.
4 relevance votesActs 23:1
And Paul, looking fixedly at the Sanhedrin, said, My brothers, my life has been upright before God till this day.
3 relevance votesJohn 8:9
And when his words came to their ears, they went out one by one, starting with the oldest even to the last, because they were conscious of what was in their hearts: and Jesus was there by himself with the woman before him.
3 relevance votes