10 Because you were the cause of violent death and because of your cruel behaviour to your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame and will be cut off for ever.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Obadiah 1:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
55
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מֵחֲמַ֛ס אָחִ֥יךָ יַעֲקֹ֖ב תְּכַסְּךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה וְנִכְרַ֖תָּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃
7 word entries
מֵחֲמַ֛ס
אָחִ֥יךָ
תְּכַסְּךָ֣
בוּשָׁ֑ה
וְנִכְרַ֖תָּ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Διὰ τὴν σφαγὴν, καὶ τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἀδελφοῦ σου Ἰακὼβ, καλύψει σε αἰσχύνη, καὶ ἐξαρθήσῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
17 word entries
Διὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- διά
- Transliteration
- dia
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- through, because of
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided form of διά.
- Occurrences
- 881
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
σφαγὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σφαγὴν
- Transliteration
- sphagen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 9
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἀσέβειαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀσέβειαν
- Transliteration
- asebeian
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
ἀδελφοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀδελφός
- Transliteration
- adelphos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- brother
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Brother, kinsman, or member of a people.
- Occurrences
- 739
σου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σύ
- Transliteration
- sy
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative second-person singular
- Gloss
- you
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Second-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 12950
Ἰακὼβ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἰακώβ
- Transliteration
- Iakob
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Jacob
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Jacob.
- Occurrences
- 392
καλύψει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- καλύψει
- Transliteration
- kalypsei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
σε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σύ
- Transliteration
- sy
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative second-person singular
- Gloss
- you
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Second-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 12950
αἰσχύνη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- αἰσχύνη
- Transliteration
- aischyne
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 26
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐξαρθήσῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐξαρθήσῃ
- Transliteration
- exarthese
- Morphology
- subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
αἰῶνα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αἰών
- Transliteration
- aiona
- Morphology
- noun, masculine accusative singular
- Gloss
- age, eternity
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Age, era, world, or eternity depending on context.
- Occurrences
- 550
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܡܢ ܚܛܘܦܝܐ ܕܐܚܘܟ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܬܟܣܝܟ ܒܗܬܬܐ ܘܬܐܒܕ ܠܥܠܡ
8 word entries
ܘܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܢ
- Transliteration
- wmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 827
ܚܛܘܦܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܛܘܦܝܐ
- Transliteration
- htwpy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 11
ܕܐܚܘܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܚܘܟ
- Transliteration
- d'hwk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܝܥܩܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܥܩܘܒ
- Transliteration
- y'qwb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 63
ܬܟܣܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܟܣܝܟ
- Transliteration
- tksyk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܗܬܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܬܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bhtt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 26
ܘܬܐܒܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܬܐܒܕ
- Transliteration
- wt'bd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܥܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܠܡ
- Transliteration
- l'lm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 295
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מֵחֲטוֹף אֲחוּךְ יַעֲקֹב תַּחְפִּינָךְ בִּהֲתָא וְתִשְׁתֵּיצֵי לַעֲלָם׃
7 word entries
מֵחֲטוֹף
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חטוף
- Transliteration
- mchtwp
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 26
אֲחוּךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחוך
- Transliteration
- 'chwk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 11
יַעֲקֹב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יעקב
- Transliteration
- y'qb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 169
תַּחְפִּינָךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תחפינך
- Transliteration
- tchpynk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
בִּהֲתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- התא
- Transliteration
- bht'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 16
וְתִשְׁתֵּיצֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תשתיצי
- Transliteration
- wtshtytsy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
לַעֲלָם׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלם
- Transliteration
- l'lm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 184
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Propter interfectionem, et propter iniquitatem in fratrem tuum Jacob, operiet te confusio, et peribis in æternum.
16 word entries
propter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propter
- Transliteration
- propter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 688
interfectionem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- interfectio
- Transliteration
- interfectionem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
propter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propter
- Transliteration
- propter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 688
iniquitatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iniquitas
- Transliteration
- iniquitatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 460
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
fratrem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- frater
- Transliteration
- fratrem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1060
tuum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tuus
- Transliteration
- tuum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5615
Iacob
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iacob
- Transliteration
- Iacob
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 364
operiet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- operio
- Transliteration
- operiet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 191
te
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tu
- Transliteration
- te
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4602
confusio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confusio
- Transliteration
- confusio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
peribis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pereo
- Transliteration
- peribis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 250
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
aeternum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aeternus
- Transliteration
- aeternum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 306
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Amos 1:11
These are the words of the Lord: For three crimes of Edom, and for four, I will not let its fate be changed; because his sword was turned against his brother, without pity, and his wrath was burning at all times, and he was angry for ever.
7 relevance votesGenesis 27:41
So Esau was full of hate for Jacob because of his father's blessing; and he said in his heart, The days of weeping for my father are near; then I will put my brother Jacob to death.
5 relevance votesEzekiel 35:9
I will make you waste for ever, and your towns will be unpeopled: and you will be certain that I am the Lord.
4 relevance votesPsalms 137:7
O Lord, keep in mind against the children of Edom the day of Jerusalem; how they said, Let it be uncovered, uncovered even to its base.
4 relevance votesPsalms 89:45
You have made him old before his time; he is covered with shame. (Selah.)
4 relevance votesGenesis 27:11
And Jacob said to Rebekah, his mother, But Esau my brother is covered with hair, while I am smooth:
3 relevance votesPsalms 109:29
Let my haters be clothed with shame, covering themselves with shame as with a robe.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 51:51
We are shamed because bitter words have come to our ears; our faces are covered with shame: for men from strange lands have come into the holy places of the Lord's house.
2 relevance votesMicah 7:10
And my hater will see it and be covered with shame; she who said to me, Where is the Lord your God? my eyes will see their desire effected on her, now she will be crushed under foot like the dust of the streets.
2 relevance votesLamentations 4:21
Have joy and be glad, O daughter of Edom, living in the land of Uz: the cup will be given to you in your turn, and you will be overcome with wine and your shame will be seen.
2 relevance votesPsalms 69:7
I have been wounded with sharp words because of you; my face has been covered with shame.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 7:18
And they will put haircloth round them, and deep fear will be covering them; and shame will be on all faces, and the hair gone from all their heads.
2 relevance votes