12 These men are unseen rocks at your love-feasts, when they take part in them with you, keepers of sheep who without fear take the food of the sheep; clouds without water rushing before the wind, wasted trees without fruit, twice dead, pulled up by the roots,
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jude 1:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
100
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Οὗτοί εἰσιν ἐν ταῖς ἀγάπαις ὑμῶν σπιλάδες, συνευωχούμενοι, ἀφόβως ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες· νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι, ὑπὸ ἀνέμων περιφερόμεναι· δένδρα φθινοπωρινά, ἄκαρπα, δὶς ἀποθανόντα, ἐκριζωθέντα·
23 word entries
outoi
eisin
en
taiv
agapaiv
umwn
spiladev
suneuwcoumenoi
- Lemma
- suneuwcoumenoi
- Transliteration
- suneuwcoumenoi
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4910
- Occurrences
- 2
umin
afobwv
eautouv
poimainontev
- Lemma
- poimainontev
- Transliteration
- poimainontev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4165
- Occurrences
- 1
nefelai
anudroi
upo
anemwn
periferomenai
- Lemma
- periferomenai
- Transliteration
- periferomenai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present passive participle nominative plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4064
- Occurrences
- 1
dendra
fqinopwrina
- Lemma
- fqinopwrina
- Transliteration
- fqinopwrina
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective nominative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G5352
- Occurrences
- 1
akarpa
div
apoqanonta
- Lemma
- apoqanonta
- Transliteration
- apoqanonta
- Morphology
- Greek: verb second aorist active participle nominative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G599
- Occurrences
- 1
ekrizwqenta
- Lemma
- ekrizwqenta
- Transliteration
- ekrizwqenta
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist passive participle nominative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1610
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐν ταῖς ἀγάπαις ὑμῶν σπιλάδες συνευωχούμενοι ἀφόβως, ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες, νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι ὑπὸ ἀνέμων παραφερόμεναι, δένδρα φθινοπωρινὰ ἄκαρπα δὶς ἀποθανόντα ἐκριζωθέντα,
23 word entries
εἰσιν
οἱ
ἐν
ταῖς
φθινοπωρινὰ
- Lemma
- φθινοπωρινός
- Morphology
- A-NPN
- Part of Speech
- A
- Strong's
- G5352
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܗܠܝܢ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܒܢܝܚܬܗܘܢ ܟܕ ܡܟܬܡܝܢ ܡܬܦܪܦܥܝܢ ܟܕ ܕܠܐ ܕܚܠܬܐ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ܪܥܝܢ ܥܢܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܛܪܐ ܕܡܢ ܪܘܚܐ ܦܗܝܢ ܐܝܠܢܐ ܕܐܘܦܝ ܐܒܗܘܢ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܦܐܪܐ ܕܡܝܬܘ ܬܢܝܢܘܬ ܘܣܠܩܘ ܡܢ ܥܩܪܝܗܘܢ
29 word entries
ܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 451
ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ytyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 49
ܐܝܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ylyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 319
ܕܒܢܝܚܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܢܝܚܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dbnyhthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܡܟܬܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܟܬܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mktmyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܬܦܪܦܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܦܪܦܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mtprp'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܕܚܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dhlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 25
ܢܦܫܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܫܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- npshhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 23
ܪܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- r'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܥܢܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܢܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'nn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 17
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܡܛܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܪܐ
- Transliteration
- mtr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 11
ܕܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܢ
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 259
ܪܘܚܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܚܐ
- Transliteration
- ruha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- spirit, wind
- Occurrences
- 199
ܦܗܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܗܝܢ
- Transliteration
- phyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܝܠܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܠܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'yln'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 20
ܕܐܘܦܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܘܦܝ
- Transliteration
- d'wpy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'bhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- d'ytyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 28
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܦܐܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܐܪܐ
- Transliteration
- p'r'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 55
ܕܡܝܬܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܝܬܘ
- Transliteration
- dmytw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܬܢܝܢܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܢܝܢܘܬ
- Transliteration
- tnynwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܣܠܩܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܣܠܩܘ
- Transliteration
- wslqw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 7
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܥܩܪܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܩܪܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'qryhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Hi sunt in epulis suis maculæ, convivantes sine timore, semetipsos pascentes, nubes sine aqua, quæ a ventis circumferentur, arbores autumnales, infructuosæ, bis mortuæ, eradicatæ,
25 word entries
hii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
epulis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- epulae
- Transliteration
- epulis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 15
suis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
maculae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- macula
- Transliteration
- maculae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 47
convivantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conuiuor
- Transliteration
- convivantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1
sine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sine
- Transliteration
- sine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 241
timore
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- timor
- Transliteration
- timore
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 209
semet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- semet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
ipsos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
pascentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pascor
- Transliteration
- pascentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 13
nubes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nubes
- Transliteration
- nubes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 150
sine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sine
- Transliteration
- sine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 241
aqua
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aqua
- Transliteration
- aqua
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 692
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
a
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- a
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
ventis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uentus
- Transliteration
- ventis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 113
circumferuntur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- circumfero
- Transliteration
- circumferuntur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 9
arbores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- arbor
- Transliteration
- arbores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 62
autumnales
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autumnalis
- Transliteration
- autumnales
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
infructuosae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- infructuosus
- Transliteration
- infructuosae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 4
bis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- bis
- Transliteration
- bis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 34
mortuae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mortuus
- Transliteration
- mortuae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 240
eradicatae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eradico
- Transliteration
- eradicatae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 14
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 15:13
But he said in answer, Every plant which my Father in heaven has not put in the earth, will be taken up by the roots.
10 relevance votesEzekiel 34:8
By my life, says the Lord, truly, because my sheep have been taken away, and my sheep became food for all the beasts of the field, because there was no keeper, and my keepers did not go in search of the sheep, but the keepers took food for themselves and gave my sheep no food;
9 relevance votesProverbs 25:14
As clouds and wind without rain, so is one who takes credit for an offering he has not given.
8 relevance votesEphesians 4:14
So that we may be no longer children, sent this way and that, turned about by every wind of teaching, by the twisting and tricks of men, by the deceits of error;
8 relevance votesPhilippians 3:19
Whose end is destruction, whose god is the stomach, and whose glory is in their shame, whose minds are fixed on the things of the earth.
8 relevance votesLuke 21:34
But give attention to yourselves, for fear that your hearts become over-full of the pleasures of food and wine, and the cares of this life, and that day may come on you suddenly, and take you as in a net:
6 relevance votesLuke 8:6
And some went on the rock, and when it came up it became dry and dead because it had no water.
5 relevance votesEzekiel 34:2
Son of man, be a prophet against the keepers of the flock of Israel, and say to them, O keepers of the sheep! this is the word of the Lord: A curse is on the keepers of the flock of Israel who take the food for themselves! is it not right for the keepers to give the food to the sheep?
5 relevance votesEzekiel 34:10
This is what the Lord has said: See I am against the keepers of the flock, and I will make search and see what they have done with my sheep, and will let them be keepers of my sheep no longer; and the keepers will no longer get food for themselves; I will take my sheep out of their mouths so that they may not be food for them.
5 relevance votesLuke 12:45
But if that servant says to himself, My lord is a long time coming; and goes about giving blows to the men-servants and the women-servants, feasting and taking overmuch wine;
4 relevance votesPsalms 1:3
He will be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, which gives its fruit at the right time, whose leaves will ever be green; and he will do well in all his undertakings.
4 relevance votesMatthew 13:6
And when the sun was high, it was burned; and because it had no root it became dry and dead.
4 relevance votes