10 The fields are wasted, the land has become dry; for the grain is wasted, the new wine is kept back, the oil is poor.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joel 1:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
62
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
שֻׁדַּ֣ד שָׂדֶ֔ה אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה כִּ֚י שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלַ֥ל יִצְהָֽר׃
11 word entries
שֻׁדַּ֣ד
שָׂדֶ֔ה
אָבְלָ֖ה
אֲדָמָ֑ה
כִּ֚י
שֻׁדַּ֣ד
דָּגָ֔ן
הוֹבִ֥ישׁ
תִּיר֖וֹשׁ
אֻמְלַ֥ל
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
ὅτι τεταλαιπώρηκε τὰ πεδία· πενθείτω ἡ γῆ, ὅτι τεταλαιπώρηκεν σῖτος· ἐξηράνθη οἶνος, ὠλιγώθη ἔλαιον·
14 word entries
ὅτι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅτι
- Transliteration
- hoti
- Morphology
- subordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- that, because, for
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
- Occurrences
- 3703
τεταλαιπώρηκε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- τεταλαιπώρηκε
- Transliteration
- tetalaiporeke
- Morphology
- verb, perfect/aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πεδία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πεδία
- Transliteration
- pedia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 15
πενθείτω
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πενθείτω
- Transliteration
- pentheito
- Morphology
- 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
- Gloss
- I ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἡ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆ
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ge
- Morphology
- noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
ὅτι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅτι
- Transliteration
- hoti
- Morphology
- subordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- that, because, for
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
- Occurrences
- 3703
τεταλαιπώρηκεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- τεταλαιπώρηκεν
- Transliteration
- tetalaiporeken
- Morphology
- verb, perfect/aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
σῖτος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σῖτος
- Transliteration
- sitos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
ἐξηράνθη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐξηράνθη
- Transliteration
- exeranthe
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- was ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 16
οἶνος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- οἶνος
- Transliteration
- onos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 193
ὠλιγώθη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὠλιγώθη
- Transliteration
- oligothe
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- was ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
ἔλαιον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔλαιον
- Transliteration
- elaion
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- oil, olive oil
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Olive oil or oil.
- Occurrences
- 190
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܬܒܙܬ ܚܩܠܐ ܘܝܬܒܬ ܒܐܒܠܐ ܐܪܥܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܬܒܙܙ ܥܒܘܪܐ ܘܝܒܫ ܚܡܪܐ ܘܚܪܒܘ ܙܝ̈ܬܐ
12 word entries
ܐܬܒܙܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܒܙܬ
- Transliteration
- 'tbzt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
ܚܩܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܩܠܐ
- Transliteration
- hql'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 14
ܘܝܬܒܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܝܬܒܬ
- Transliteration
- wytbt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 22
ܒܐܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܐܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- b'bl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 23
ܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- ara
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 731
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܐܬܒܙܙ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܬܒܙܙ
- Transliteration
- d'tbzz
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܥܒܘܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܘܪܐ
- Transliteration
- 'bwr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 26
ܘܝܒܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܝܒܫ
- Transliteration
- wybsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 10
ܚܡܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܡܪܐ
- Transliteration
- hmr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 95
ܘܚܪܒܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܪܒܘ
- Transliteration
- whrbw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 14
ܙܝ̈ܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- zyt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 9
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אִיתְבְּזִיזוּ חַקְלַיָא חֲרוּבַת אַרְעָא אֲרֵי סַף עִבּוּרָא יְבִישׁוּ גוּפְנַיָא נְתַרוּ זֵיתַיָא׃
11 word entries
אִיתְבְּזִיזוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- איתבזיזו
- Transliteration
- 'ytbzyzw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
חַקְלַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חקליא
- Transliteration
- chqly'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 5
חֲרוּבַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חרובת
- Transliteration
- chrwbt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 13
אַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
סַף
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סף
- Transliteration
- sp
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 12
עִבּוּרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עבורא
- Transliteration
- 'bwr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 30
יְבִישׁוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יבישו
- Transliteration
- ybyshw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 9
גוּפְנַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גופניא
- Transliteration
- gwpny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 5
נְתַרוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נתרו
- Transliteration
- ntrw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
זֵיתַיָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זיתיא
- Transliteration
- zyty'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 8
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Depopulata est regio, luxit humus, quoniam devastatum est triticum, confusum est vinum, elanguit oleum.
14 word entries
depopulata
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- depopulor
- Transliteration
- depopulata
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 7
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
regio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- regio
- Transliteration
- regio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 261
luxit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- luceo
- Transliteration
- luxit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 49
humus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- humus
- Transliteration
- humus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
quoniam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoniam
- Transliteration
- quoniam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1134
devastatum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deuasto
- Transliteration
- devastatum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
triticum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- triticum
- Transliteration
- triticum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 45
confusum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confundo
- Transliteration
- confusum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 169
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
vinum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uinum
- Transliteration
- vinum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 224
elanguit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- elanguesco
- Transliteration
- elanguit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 5
oleum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oleum
- Transliteration
- oleum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 199
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Hosea 4:3
Because of this the land will be dry, and everyone living in it will be wasted away, with the beasts of the field and the birds of heaven; even the fishes of the sea will be taken away.
5 relevance votesJeremiah 12:11
They have made it waste; it is weeping to me, being wasted; all the land is made waste, because no man takes it to heart.
4 relevance votesHosea 9:2
The grain-floor and the place where the grapes are crushed will not give them food; there will be no new wine for them.
4 relevance votesJoel 1:5
Come out of your sleep, you who are overcome with wine, and give yourselves to weeping; give cries of sorrow, all you drinkers of wine, because of the sweet wine; for it has been cut off from your mouths.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 12:4
How long will the land have grief, and the plants of all the land be dry? because of the sins of the people living in it, destruction has overtaken the beasts and the birds; because they said, God does not see our ways.
2 relevance votesLeviticus 26:20
And your strength will be used up without profit; for your land will not give her increase and the trees of the field will not give their fruit.
2 relevance votesJoel 1:12
The vine has become dry and the fig-tree is feeble; the pomegranate and the palm-tree and the apple-tree, even all the trees of the field, are dry: because joy has gone from the sons of men.
2 relevance votesHaggai 1:11
And by my order no rain came on the land or on the mountains or the grain or the wine or the oil or the produce of the earth or on men or cattle or on any work of man's hands.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 48:33
All joy is gone; no longer are they glad for the fertile field and for the land of Moab; I have made the wine come to an end from the crushing vessels: no longer will the grapes be crushed with the sound of glad voices.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 24:11
There is a crying in the streets because of the wine; there is an end of all delight, the joy of the land is gone.
1 relevance votes