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Bible in Basic English

Jeremiah 4

Bible in Basic English, Verse 15

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¹⁵ For a voice is sounding from Dan, giving out evil from the hills of Ephraim:

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 4:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 66

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּ֛י ק֥וֹל מַגִּ֖יד מִדָּ֑ן וּמַשְׁמִ֥יעַ אָ֖וֶן מֵהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃

8 word entries

כִּ֛י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

ק֥וֹל

Lemma: 6963 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6963
Occurrences: 260

מַגִּ֖יד

Lemma: 5046
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5046
Occurrences: 170

מִדָּ֑ן

Lemma: m/1835
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1835
Occurrences: 8

וּמַשְׁמִ֥יעַ

Lemma: c/8085
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8085
Occurrences: 250

אָ֖וֶן

Lemma: 205
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H205
Occurrences: 71

מֵהַ֥ר

Lemma: m/2022
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2022
Occurrences: 26

אֶפְרָֽיִם

Lemma: 669
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H669
Occurrences: 149

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Διότι φωνὴ ἀγγέλλοντος ἐκ Δὰν ἥξει, καὶ ἀκουσθήσεται πόνος ἐξ ὄρους Ἐφραίμ.

12 word entries

Διότι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διότι
Transliteration: dioti
Morphology: causal conjunction
Gloss: because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 317

φωνὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: φωνή
Transliteration: phone
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: voice, sound
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Voice, sound, or utterance.
Occurrences: 549

ἀγγέλλοντος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀγγέλλοντος
Transliteration: aggellontos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

Δὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Δάν
Transliteration: Dan
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Dan
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Dan, a patriarchal and tribal name.
Occurrences: 75

ἥξει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἥκω
Transliteration: hexei
Morphology: verb, future active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will come
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To have come, be present, or arrive.
Occurrences: 133

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀκουσθήσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀκουσθήσεται
Transliteration: akoysthesetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

πόνος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πόνος
Transliteration: ponos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἐξ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

ὄρους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄρος
Transliteration: oros
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mountain
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mountain or hill.
Occurrences: 607

Ἐφραίμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐφραίμ
Transliteration: ephraim
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐφραίμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Ephraim.
Occurrences: 177

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܕܩܠܐ ܕܡܚܘܐ ܡܢ ܕܢ ܘܡܫܡܥ ܟܐܒܐ ܡܢ ܛܘܪܐ ܕܐܦܪܝܡ

10 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܩܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܩܠܐ
Transliteration: dql'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 15

ܕܡܚܘܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܚܘܐ
Transliteration: dmhw'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܕܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢ
Transliteration: dn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 20

ܘܡܫܡܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܫܡܥ
Transliteration: wmshm'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܟܐܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܐܒܐ
Transliteration: k'b'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 23

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܛܘܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܘܪܐ
Transliteration: twr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 170

ܕܐܦܪܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܦܪܝܡ
Transliteration: d'prym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 40

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲרֵי קַל נְבִיַיָא דְמִתְנַבָּן עֲלֵיהוֹן דְיִגְלוֹן עַד דִפְלָחוּ לְעֶגְלָא דִי בְדָן וּמְבַשְׂרֵי בְשׂוֹרַן בִּישַׁן יֵיתוּן עֲלֵיהוֹן עַל דְאִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּ לְצַלְמָא דַאֲקֵים מִיכָה בְּטוּרָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם׃

24 word entries

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

קַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קל
Transliteration: ql
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 120

נְבִיַיָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: נביא
Transliteration: nbyy'
Morphology: noun masculine emphatic/plural by context
Gloss: prophet
Occurrences: 422

דְמִתְנַבָּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מתנבן
Transliteration: dmtnbn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 19

עֲלֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עליהון
Transliteration: 'lyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 342

דְיִגְלוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יגלון
Transliteration: dyglwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 22

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 885

דִפְלָחוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלחו
Transliteration: dplchw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 54

לְעֶגְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עגלא
Transliteration: l'gl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1711

בְדָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בדן
Transliteration: bdn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

וּמְבַשְׂרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מבשרי
Transliteration: wmbshry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

בְשׂוֹרַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שורן
Transliteration: bshwrn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

בִּישַׁן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישן
Transliteration: byshn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 30

יֵיתוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ייתון
Transliteration: yytwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 86

עֲלֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עליהון
Transliteration: 'lyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 342

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

דְאִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשתעבדו
Transliteration: d'sht'bdw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

לְצַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צלמא
Transliteration: ltslm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 8

דַאֲקֵים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אקים
Transliteration: d'qym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 81

מִיכָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יכה
Transliteration: mykh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 40

בְּטוּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טורא
Transliteration: btwr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 181

דְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: dbyt
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: of/that house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אֶפְרַיִם׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפרים
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 133

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Vox enim annuntiantis a Dan, et notum facientis idolum de monte Ephraim.

12 word entries

vox

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uox
Transliteration: vox
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 583

enim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: enim
Transliteration: enim
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2392

adnuntiantis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: annuncio
Transliteration: adnuntiantis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 169

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

Dan

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Danae
Transliteration: Dan
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 15

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

notum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: notus
Transliteration: notum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 77

facientis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: facientis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

idolum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: idolum
Transliteration: idolum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 144

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

monte

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mons
Transliteration: monte
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 644

Ephraim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ephrais
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 38

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Jeremiah 8:16

The loud breathing of the horses comes to our ears from Dan: at the sound of the outcry of his war-horses, all the land is shaking with fear; for they have come, and have made a meal of the land and everything in it; the town and the people living in it.

5 relevance votes

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Jeremiah 4

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Jeremiah 8:16

Judges 18:29

Joshua 17:15

Judges 20:1

Jeremiah 6:1

Joshua 20:7