23 About Damascus. Hamath is put to shame, and Arpad; for the word of evil has come to their ears, their heart in its fear is turned to water, it will not be quiet.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 49:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
67
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
לְדַמֶּ֗שֶׂק בּ֤וֹשָֽׁה חֲמָת֙ וְאַרְפָּ֔ד כִּי־שְׁמֻעָ֥ה רָעָ֛ה שָׁמְע֖וּ נָמֹ֑גוּ בַּיָּ֣ם דְּאָגָ֔ה הַשְׁקֵ֖ט לֹ֥א יוּכָֽל׃
14 word entries
לְדַמֶּ֗שֶׂק
בּ֤וֹשָֽׁה
וְאַרְפָּ֔ד
כִּי
שְׁמֻעָ֥ה
שָׁמְע֖וּ
נָמֹ֑גוּ
בַּיָּ֣ם
דְּאָגָ֔ה
הַשְׁקֵ֖ט
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܗܬܬ ܚܡܬ ܘܪܦܕ ܡܛܘܠ ܕܫܡܘܥܬܐ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܫܡܥܘ ܘܐܬܬܒܪܘ ܒܝܡܐ ܕܚܠܬܗ̇ ܘܢܝܚܐ ܠܐ ܐܫܟܚܬ
13 word entries
ܒܗܬܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܬܬ
- Transliteration
- bhtt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 11
ܚܡܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܡܬ
- Transliteration
- hmt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 7
ܘܪܦܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܦܕ
- Transliteration
- wrpd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܛܘܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܘܠ
- Transliteration
- mtwl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 172
ܕܫܡܘܥܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܡܘܥܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dshmw't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bysht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 352
ܫܡܥܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܥܘ
- Transliteration
- shm'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 144
ܘܐܬܬܒܪܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܬܒܪܘ
- Transliteration
- w'ttbrw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 17
ܒܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 33
ܕܚܠܬܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܠܬܗ
- Transliteration
- dhlth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 41
ܘܢܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- wnyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 10
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 2566
ܐܫܟܚܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܫܟܚܬ
- Transliteration
- 'shkht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 42
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
לְדַמֶשֶׂק בְּהִיתוּ יַתְבֵי חֲמָת וְאַרְפָּד אֲרֵי בְּסוּרָא בִישָׁא שְׁמָעוּ אִתְּבָרוּ דַחֲלָא בְיַמָא וְיִצְפָּא אֲחַדְתִּינוּן הָא כְנָחֲתֵי יַמָא דְשָׁקְטִין וְלָא יָכְלִין לִמְנָח׃
21 word entries
לְדַמֶשֶׂק
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דמשק
- Transliteration
- ldmshq
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 14
בְּהִיתוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- היתו
- Transliteration
- bhytw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 19
יַתְבֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתבי
- Transliteration
- ytby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 275
חֲמָת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמת
- Transliteration
- chmt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 41
וְאַרְפָּד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארפד
- Transliteration
- w'rpd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
בְּסוּרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סורא
- Transliteration
- bswr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 8
בִישָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישא
- Transliteration
- bysh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 101
שְׁמָעוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמעו
- Transliteration
- shm'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 97
אִתְּבָרוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתברו
- Transliteration
- 'tbrw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 55
דַחֲלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חלא
- Transliteration
- dchl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 46
בְיַמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ימא
- Transliteration
- bym'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 284
וְיִצְפָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יצפא
- Transliteration
- wytsp'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
אֲחַדְתִּינוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחדתינון
- Transliteration
- 'chdtynwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
הָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הא
- Transliteration
- h'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 704
כְנָחֲתֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נחתי
- Transliteration
- knchty
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 24
יַמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ימא
- Transliteration
- ym'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 284
דְשָׁקְטִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שקטין
- Transliteration
- dshqtyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
וְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולא
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1587
יָכְלִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יכלין
- Transliteration
- yklyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 24
לִמְנָח׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מנח
- Transliteration
- lmnch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Ad Damascum. [Confusa est Emath et Arphad, quia auditum pessimum audierunt: turbati sunt in mari; præ sollicitudine quiescere non potuit.
19 word entries
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
Damascum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Damascus
- Transliteration
- Damascum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 62
confusa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confundo
- Transliteration
- confusa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 169
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Emath
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Emath
- Transliteration
- Emath
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 37
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Arfad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Aread
- Transliteration
- Arfad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 6
quia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quia
- Transliteration
- quia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2543
auditum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- auditus
- Transliteration
- auditum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 54
pessimum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malus
- Transliteration
- pessimum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 671
audierunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audierunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
turbati
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- turbo
- Transliteration
- turbati
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 111
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
mari
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mare
- Transliteration
- mari
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 490
sollicitudine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sollicitudo
- Transliteration
- sollicitudine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 30
quiescere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quiesco
- Transliteration
- quiescere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 78
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
potuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- possum
- Transliteration
- potuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 881
Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note
English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ Concerning Damascus. Hamath is confounded, and Arpad: for they have heard evil tidings: they are fainthearted; there is sorrow on the sea; it cannot be quiet." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate structure
Greek Jeremiah follows a shorter and differently ordered Septuagint tradition, so some Hebrew/English verse numbers do not have a one-to-one Greek panel.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Kings 18:34
Where are the gods of Hamath and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena and Ivvah? have they kept Samaria out of my hands?
5 relevance votesIsaiah 10:9
Will not the fate of Calno be like that of Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus?
5 relevance votesGenesis 14:15
And separating his forces by night, he overcame them, putting them to flight and going after them as far as Hobah, which is on the north side of Damascus.
4 relevance votesGenesis 15:2
And Abram said, What will you give me? for I have no child and this Eliezer of Damascus will have all my wealth after me.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 57:20
But the evil-doers are like the troubled sea, for which there is no rest, and its waters send up earth and waste.
4 relevance votesNahum 2:10
Everything has been taken from her, all is gone, she has nothing more: the heart is turned to water, the knees are shaking, all are twisted in pain, and colour has gone from all faces.
3 relevance votesNumbers 13:21
So they went up and got a view of the land, from the waste land of Zin to Rehob, on the way to Hamath.
3 relevance votes2 Kings 19:13
Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the town of Sepharvaim, of Hena and of Ivvah?
3 relevance votes2 Samuel 8:9
And when Tou, king of Hamath, had news that David had overcome all the army of Hadadezer,
2 relevance votesActs 27:20
And as we had not seen the sun or stars for a long time, and a great storm was on us, all hope of salvation was gone.
2 relevance votes1 Kings 11:24
He got some men together and made himself captain of a band of outlaws; and went to Damascus and became king there.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 13:7
For this cause all hands will be feeble, and every heart of man be turned to water;
2 relevance votes