39 How is it broken down! how is Moab's back turned in shame! so Moab will be a cause of sport and of fear to everyone round about him.
Jump to another chapter in Jeremiah
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 48:39. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
66
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
אֵ֥יךְ חַ֙תָּה֙ הֵילִ֔ילוּ אֵ֛יךְ הִפְנָה־עֹ֥רֶף מוֹאָ֖ב בּ֑וֹשׁ וְהָיָ֥ה מוֹאָ֛ב לִשְׂחֹ֥ק וְלִמְחִתָּ֖ה לְכָל־סְבִיבָֽיו׃ ס
14 word entries
חַ֨תָּה֙
הֵילִ֔ילוּ
הִפְנָה
עֹ֥רֶף
בּ֑וֹשׁ
וְהָיָ֥ה
לִשְׂחֹ֥ק
וְלִמְחִתָּ֖ה
לְכָל
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܟܢܐ ܐܬܬܒܪܘ ܘܐܝܠܠܘ ܘܐܝܟܢܐ ܐܦܢܝ ܩܕܠܗ ܡܘܐܒ ܘܒܗܬ ܘܢܗܘܐ ܡܘܐܒ ܠܓܘܚܟܐ ܘܠܬܒܪܐ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܕܚܕܪ̈ܘܗܝ
14 word entries
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 202
ܐܬܬܒܪܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܬܒܪܘ
- Transliteration
- 'ttbrw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܘܐܝܠܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܠܠܘ
- Transliteration
- w'yllw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- w'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 23
ܐܦܢܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦܢܝ
- Transliteration
- 'pny
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܩܕܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܠܗ
- Transliteration
- qdlh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܡܘܐܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܐܒ
- Transliteration
- mw'b
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 59
ܘܒܗܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܗܬ
- Transliteration
- wbht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܢܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- wnhw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 171
ܡܘܐܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܐܒ
- Transliteration
- mw'b
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 59
ܠܓܘܚܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܓܘܚܟܐ
- Transliteration
- lgwhk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܠܬܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܬܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- wltbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܟܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lklhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 176
ܕܚܕܪ̈ܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܕܪܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- dhdrwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אֵיכְדֵין אִתְּבָרוּ אַיְלִילוּ אֵיכְדֵין אַחְזָרוּ קְדִלְהוֹן מוֹאֲבָאֵי בְּהִיתוּ וִיהוֹן מוֹאֲבָאֵי לְחוֹךְ וְלִתְבִיר לְכָל סָחֳרָנֵיהוֹן׃
14 word entries
אֵיכְדֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- איכדין
- Transliteration
- 'ykdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 67
אִתְּבָרוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתברו
- Transliteration
- 'tbrw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 55
אַיְלִילוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אילילו
- Transliteration
- 'ylylw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 14
אֵיכְדֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- איכדין
- Transliteration
- 'ykdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 67
אַחְזָרוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחזרו
- Transliteration
- 'chzrw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
קְדִלְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדלהון
- Transliteration
- qdlhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 9
מוֹאֲבָאֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ואבאי
- Transliteration
- mw'b'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 41
בְּהִיתוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- היתו
- Transliteration
- bhytw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 19
וִיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהון
- Transliteration
- wyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 191
מוֹאֲבָאֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ואבאי
- Transliteration
- mw'b'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 41
לְחוֹךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חוך
- Transliteration
- lchwk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
וְלִתְבִיר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לתביר
- Transliteration
- wltbyr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
לְכָל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לכל
- Transliteration
- lkl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 312
סָחֳרָנֵיהוֹן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סחרניהון
- Transliteration
- schrnyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quomodo victa est, et ululaverunt? quomodo dejecit cervicem Moab, et confusus est? eritque Moab in derisum, et in exemplum omnibus in circuitu suo.
24 word entries
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
victa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uinco
- Transliteration
- victa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 62
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ululaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ululo
- Transliteration
- ululaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 21
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
deiecit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deicio
- Transliteration
- deiecit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 34
cervicem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ceruix
- Transliteration
- cervicem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 45
Moab
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- moaber
- Transliteration
- Moab
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 113
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
confusus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confundo
- Transliteration
- confusus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 169
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
eritque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- eritque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
{eritque}
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- que
- Transliteration
- {eritque}
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4392
Moab
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- moaber
- Transliteration
- Moab
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 113
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
derisum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- derisus
- Transliteration
- derisum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
exemplum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exemplum
- Transliteration
- exemplum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 39
omnibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
circuitu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- circuitus
- Transliteration
- circuitu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 259
suo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note
English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "They shall howl, saying , How is it broken down! how hath Moab turned the back with shame! so shall Moab be a derision and a dismaying to all them about him." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate structure
Greek Jeremiah follows a shorter and differently ordered Septuagint tradition, so some Hebrew/English verse numbers do not have a one-to-one Greek panel.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Lamentations 2:1
How has the daughter of Zion been covered with a cloud by the Lord in his wrath! he has sent down from heaven to earth the glory of Israel, and has not kept in memory the resting-place of his feet in the day of his wrath.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 48:17
All you who are round about him, give signs of grief for him, and all you who have knowledge of his name, say, How is the strong rod broken, even the beautiful branch!
2 relevance votesLamentations 1:1
See her seated by herself, the town which was full of people! She who was great among the nations has become like a widow! She who was a princess among the countries has come under the yoke of forced work!
2 relevance votesLamentations 4:1
How dark has the gold become! how changed the best gold! the stones of the holy place are dropping out at the top of every street.
2 relevance votes
Chapter 48 · 48 of 52 available
Verse 39 of 47