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Bible in Basic English

Isaiah 5

Bible in Basic English, Verse 18

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¹⁸ Cursed are those who make use of ox-cords for pulling the evil thing, and the bands of a young ox for their sin!

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 5:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 60

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

ה֛וֹי מֹשְׁכֵ֥י הֶֽעָוֺ֖ן בְּחַבְלֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑וְא וְכַעֲב֥וֹת הָעֲגָלָ֖ה חַטָּאָֽה׃

8 word entries

ה֛וֹי

Lemma: 1945
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1945
Occurrences: 48

מֹשְׁכֵ֥י

Lemma: 4900
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4900
Occurrences: 24

הֶֽעָוֺ֖ן

Lemma: d/5771
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5771
Occurrences: 5

בְּחַבְלֵ֣י

Lemma: b/2256 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2256
Occurrences: 12

הַשָּׁ֑וְא

Lemma: d/7723
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7723
Occurrences: 2

וְכַעֲב֥וֹת

Lemma: c/k/5688
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5688
Occurrences: 1

הָעֲגָלָ֖ה

Lemma: d/5699
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5699
Occurrences: 10

חַטָּאָֽה

Lemma: 2403 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2403
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οὐαὶ οἱ ἐπισπώμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὡς σχοινίῳ μακρῷ, καὶ ὡς ζυγοῦ ἱμάντι δαμάλεως τὰς ἀνομίας·

15 word entries

Οὐαὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐαί
Transliteration: ouai
Morphology: interjection
Gloss: woe
Part of Speech: interjection
Definition: Interjection of grief, warning, or judgment.
Occurrences: 66

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐπισπώμενοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπισπώμενοι
Transliteration: epispomenoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἁμαρτίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἁμαρτία
Transliteration: hamartia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: sin
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sin, error, or wrongdoing.
Occurrences: 450

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

σχοινίῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σχοινίῳ
Transliteration: schoinio
Morphology: dative singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

μακρῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: μακρῷ
Transliteration: makr
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

ζυγοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ζυγοῦ
Transliteration: zygoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἱμάντι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἱμάντι
Transliteration: imanti
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

δαμάλεως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δαμάλεως
Transliteration: damaleos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀνομίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνομία
Transliteration: anomias
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular or accusative plural
Gloss: lawlessness, iniquity
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lawlessness, iniquity, or transgression.
Occurrences: 169

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܝ ܠܕܡܘܪܟܝܢ ܚ̈ܛܗܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܚܒܠܐ ܐܪܝܟܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܥܪܩܬܐ ܕܥܓܠܬܐ ܚܛܝܬܗܘܢ

10 word entries

ܘܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܝ
Transliteration: wy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 71

ܠܕܡܘܪܟܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܕܡܘܪܟܝܢ
Transliteration: ldmwrkyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

ܚ̈ܛܗܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܛܗܝܗܘܢ
Transliteration: hthyhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 21

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܚܒܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܒܠܐ
Transliteration: hbl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

ܐܪܝܟܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܪܝܟܐ
Transliteration: 'ryk'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܘܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܟ
Transliteration: w'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 326

ܥܪܩܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܪܩܬܐ
Transliteration: 'rqt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 1

ܕܥܓܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܓܠܬܐ
Transliteration: d'glt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܚܛܝܬܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܛܝܬܗܘܢ
Transliteration: htythwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַי דִמְשָׁרָן לְמֶחֱטֵי צַבְחַר נַגְדִין חוֹבִין בְּחַבְלֵי לְמָא אָזְלִין סָגָן עַד דְתַקִיפִין וְכִגְדִילַת עֶגְלְתָא חוֹבִין׃

15 word entries

וַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וי
Transliteration: wy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 85

דִמְשָׁרָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: משרן
Transliteration: dmshrn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

לְמֶחֱטֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מחטי
Transliteration: lmchty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

צַבְחַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צבחר
Transliteration: tsbchr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

נַגְדִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נגדין
Transliteration: ngdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

חוֹבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חובין
Transliteration: chwbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 55

בְּחַבְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חבלי
Transliteration: bchbly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

לְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: למא
Transliteration: lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 187

אָזְלִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אזלין
Transliteration: 'zlyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 72

סָגָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סגן
Transliteration: sgn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 885

דְתַקִיפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקיפין
Transliteration: dtqypyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 84

וְכִגְדִילַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כגדילת
Transliteration: wkgdylt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

עֶגְלְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עגלתא
Transliteration: 'glt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 16

חוֹבִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חובין
Transliteration: chwbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 55

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Væ qui trahitis iniquitatem in funiculis vanitatis, et quasi vinculum plaustri peccatum !

12 word entries

vae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uae
Transliteration: vae
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 129

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

trahitis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: traho
Transliteration: trahitis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 41

iniquitatem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iniquitas
Transliteration: iniquitatem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 460

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

funiculis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: funiculus
Transliteration: funiculis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 46

vanitatis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uanitas
Transliteration: vanitatis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 69

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

vinculum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uinculum
Transliteration: vinculum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 60

plaustri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: plaustrum
Transliteration: plaustri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 29

peccatum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: peccatum
Transliteration: peccatum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 608

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Jeremiah 23:14

And in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a shocking thing; they are untrue to their wives, walking in deceit, and they make strong the hands of evil-doers, so that a man may not be turned back from his evil-doing: they have all become like Sodom to me, and its people like Gomorrah.

4 relevance votes

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Isaiah 5

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