12 And the peoples will be like the burning of chalk: as thorns cut down, which are burned in the fire.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 33:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
48
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְהָי֥וּ עַמִּ֖ים מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת שִׂ֑יד קוֹצִ֥ים כְּסוּחִ֖ים בָּאֵ֥שׁ יִצַּֽתּוּ׃ ס
8 word entries
וְהָי֥וּ
עַמִּ֖ים
מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת
שִׂ֑יד
קוֹצִ֥ים
כְּסוּחִ֖ים
בָּאֵ֥שׁ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἔσονται ἔθνη κατακεκαυμένα, ὡς ἄκανθα ἐν ἀγρῷ ἐῤῥιμμένη καὶ κατακεκαυμένη.
11 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἔσονται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- esontai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they will be
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
ἔθνη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔθνος
- Transliteration
- ethnos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- nation, people
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Nation, people, Gentile group, or ethnic body.
- Occurrences
- 917
κατακεκαυμένα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κατακεκαυμένα
- Transliteration
- katakekaymena
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ὡς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὡς
- Transliteration
- hos
- Morphology
- comparative conjunction/adverb
- Gloss
- as, like, when
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/adverb
- Definition
- Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
- Occurrences
- 1899
ἄκανθα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἄκανθα
- Transliteration
- akantha
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
ἀγρῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀγρός
- Transliteration
- agro
- Morphology
- noun, masculine dative singular
- Gloss
- field
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Field, countryside, or farm land.
- Occurrences
- 141
ἐῤῥιμμένη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐῤῥιμμένη
- Transliteration
- eimmene
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
κατακεκαυμένη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κατακεκαυμένη
- Transliteration
- katakekaymene
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܢܗܘܘܢ ܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܡܘܩܕܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܟܠܫܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܟܘ̈ܒܐ ܕܟܢܝܫܝܢ ܒܢܘܪܐ ܢܐܩܕܘܢ
10 word entries
ܘܢܗܘܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܗܘܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wnhwwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 67
ܥܡ̈ܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܡܐ
- Transliteration
- 'mm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 352
ܡܘܩܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܩܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mwqdyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 7
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2051
ܟܠܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܠܫܐ
- Transliteration
- klsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- w'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 326
ܟܘ̈ܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܘܒܐ
- Transliteration
- kwb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 15
ܕܟܢܝܫܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܢܝܫܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dknyshyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܒܢܘܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܘܪܐ
- Transliteration
- bnwr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 98
ܢܐܩܕܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܐܩܕܘܢ
- Transliteration
- n'qdwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וִיהוֹן עַמְמַיָא יְקֵידַת נוּר כּוּבִין מְפַסְכִין בְּנוּרָא יִתּוֹקְדוּן׃
8 word entries
וִיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהון
- Transliteration
- wyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 191
עַמְמַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עממיא
- Transliteration
- 'mmy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 635
יְקֵידַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יקידת
- Transliteration
- yqydt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 12
נוּר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נור
- Transliteration
- nwr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 20
כּוּבִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ובין
- Transliteration
- kwbyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
מְפַסְכִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פסכין
- Transliteration
- mpskyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
בְּנוּרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נורא
- Transliteration
- bnwr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 115
יִתּוֹקְדוּן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתוקדון
- Transliteration
- ytwqdwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et erunt populi quasi de incendio cinis; spinæ congregatæ igni comburentur.
11 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
erunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
populi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- populus
- Transliteration
- populi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2030
quasi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quasi
- Transliteration
- quasi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 989
de
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- de
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 4779
incendio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- incendium
- Transliteration
- incendio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 13
cinis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cinis
- Transliteration
- cinis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 59
spinae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- spina
- Transliteration
- spinae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 48
congregatae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- congrego
- Transliteration
- congregatae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 401
igni
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ignis
- Transliteration
- igni
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 540
conburentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- comburo
- Transliteration
- conburentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 103
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 27:4
My passion is over: if the thorns were fighting against me, I would make an attack on them, and they would be burned up together.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 9:18
For evil was burning like a fire; the blackberries and thorns were burned up; the thick woods took fire, rolling up in dark clouds of smoke.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 10:17
And the light of Israel will be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame: wasting and burning up his thorns in one day.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 37:36
And the angel of the Lord went out and put to death in the army of the Assyrians a hundred and eighty-five thousand men: and when the people got up early in the morning, there was nothing to be seen but dead bodies.
2 relevance votesAmos 2:1
These are the words of the Lord: For three crimes of Moab, and for four, I will not let its fate be changed; because he had the bones of the king of Edom burned to dust.
2 relevance votes