6 And Elam was armed with arrows, and Aram came on horseback; and the breastplate of Kir was uncovered.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 22:6. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
54
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְעֵילָם֙ נָשָׂ֣א אַשְׁפָּ֔ה בְּרֶ֥כֶב אָדָ֖ם פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וְקִ֥יר עֵרָ֖ה מָגֵֽן׃
9 word entries
וְעֵילָם֙
נָשָׂ֣א
אַשְׁפָּ֔ה
בְּרֶ֥כֶב
אָדָ֖ם
פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים
וְקִ֥יר
עֵרָ֖ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οἱ δὲ Ἐλαμεῖται ἔλαβον φαρέτρας, καὶ ἀναβάται ἄνθρωποι ἐφʼ ἵππους, καὶ συναγωγὴ παρατάξεως.
13 word entries
Οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
Ἐλαμεῖται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐλαμεῖται
- Transliteration
- elameitai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἔλαβον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λαμβάνω
- Transliteration
- elabon
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
- Gloss
- I/they took, received
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To take, receive, or obtain.
- Occurrences
- 894
φαρέτρας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φαρέτρας
- Transliteration
- pharetras
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀναβάται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀναβάται
- Transliteration
- anabatai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
ἄνθρωποι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἄνθρωπος
- Transliteration
- anthropos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- human, man
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Human being, person, man.
- Occurrences
- 1305
ἐφʼ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐπί
- Transliteration
- eph
- Morphology
- preposition, elided form
- Gloss
- on, upon, over, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
- Occurrences
- 6685
ἵππους
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἵππους
- Transliteration
- ippoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
συναγωγὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- συναγωγή
- Transliteration
- synagoge
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- assembly, congregation
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Assembly, gathering, congregation, or synagogue.
- Occurrences
- 166
παρατάξεως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- παρατάξεως
- Transliteration
- parataxeos
- Morphology
- adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...ly / having ...
- Part of Speech
- adverb/participle form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܥܝܠܡ ܫܩܠ ܩܛܪܩܐ ܒܪ̈ܟܒܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ ܦܪ̈ܫܐ ܘܫܘܪܐ ܓܠܐ ܣܟܪ̈ܐ
9 word entries
ܘܥܝܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܝܠܡ
- Transliteration
- w'ylm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܫܩܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܩܠ
- Transliteration
- shql
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 38
ܩܛܪܩܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܛܪܩܐ
- Transliteration
- qtrq'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܒܪ̈ܟܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܪܟܒܐ
- Transliteration
- brkb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܐܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܢܫܐ
- Transliteration
- d'nsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 47
ܦܪ̈ܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܪܫܐ
- Transliteration
- prsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 22
ܘܫܘܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܘܪܐ
- Transliteration
- wshwr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
ܓܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܠܐ
- Transliteration
- gl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 21
ܣܟܪ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܟܪܐ
- Transliteration
- skr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 17
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְעֵילֵמָאֵי נְטָלוּ זְיָן בִּרְתָךְ אֱנָשׁ וְעִמֵהּ זוֹג פָּרָשִׁין וְעַל שׁוּר דְבַקוּ תְרֵיסִין׃
12 word entries
וְעֵילֵמָאֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עילמאי
- Transliteration
- w'ylm'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
נְטָלוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נטלו
- Transliteration
- ntlw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 26
זְיָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זין
- Transliteration
- zyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 12
בִּרְתָךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רתך
- Transliteration
- brtk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 6
אֱנָשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנש
- Transliteration
- 'nsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 341
וְעִמֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עמה
- Transliteration
- w'mh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 59
זוֹג
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זוג
- Transliteration
- zwg
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
פָּרָשִׁין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פרשין
- Transliteration
- prshyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 33
וְעַל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ועל
- Transliteration
- w'l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 516
שׁוּר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שור
- Transliteration
- shwr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 21
דְבַקוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בקו
- Transliteration
- dbqw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
תְרֵיסִין׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תריסין
- Transliteration
- trysyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 18
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et Ælam sumpsit pharetram, currum hominis equitis, et parietem nudavit clypeus.
11 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Aelam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Aela
- Transliteration
- Aelam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 13
sumpsit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sumo
- Transliteration
- sumpsit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 141
faretram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- faretra
- Transliteration
- faretram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 12
currum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- currus
- Transliteration
- currum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 127
hominis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- homo
- Transliteration
- hominis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1653
equitis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eques
- Transliteration
- equitis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 96
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
parietem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- paries
- Transliteration
- parietem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 80
nudavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nudo
- Transliteration
- nudavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 27
clypeus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- clypeus
- Transliteration
- clypeus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Kings 16:9
And the king of Assyria, in answer to his request, went up against Damascus and took it, and took its people away as prisoners to Kir, and put Rezin to death.
5 relevance votesIsaiah 21:2
A vision of fear comes before my eyes; the worker of deceit goes on in his false way, and the waster goes on making waste. Up! Elam; to the attack! Media; I have put an end to her sorrow.
4 relevance votesAmos 9:7
Are you not as the children of the Ethiopians to me, O children of Israel? says the Lord. Have I not taken Israel up out of the land of Egypt, and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Aramaeans from Kir?
3 relevance votesAmos 1:5
And I will have the locks of the door of Damascus broken, and him who is seated in power cut off from the valley of Aven, and him in whose hand is the rod from the house of Eden; and the people of Aram will go away as prisoners into Kir, says the Lord.
3 relevance votesGenesis 10:22
These are the sons of Shem: Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 15:1
The word about Moab. For in a night Ar of Moab has become waste, and is seen no longer; for in a night Kir of Moab has become waste, and is seen no longer.
2 relevance votes