1 Ho! land of the sounding of wings, on the other side of the rivers of Ethiopia:
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 18:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
46
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
ה֥וֹי אֶ֖רֶץ צִלְצַ֣ל כְּנָפָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מֵעֵ֖בֶר לְנַֽהֲרֵי־כֽוּשׁ׃
8 word entries
אֶ֖רֶץ
צִלְצַ֣ל
כְּנָפָ֑יִם
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
מֵעֵ֖בֶר
לְנַֽהֲרֵי
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οὐαὶ γῆς πλοίων πτέρυγες, ἐπέκεινα ποταμῶν Αἰθιοπίας·
7 word entries
Οὐαὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐαί
- Transliteration
- ouai
- Morphology
- interjection
- Gloss
- woe
- Part of Speech
- interjection
- Definition
- Interjection of grief, warning, or judgment.
- Occurrences
- 66
γῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ges
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of earth, of land
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
πλοίων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πλοίων
- Transliteration
- ploion
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
πτέρυγες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πτέρυγες
- Transliteration
- pteryges
- Morphology
- nominative/vocative plural masculine/feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 15
ἐπέκεινα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐπέκεινα
- Transliteration
- epekeina
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 17
ποταμῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ποταμῶν
- Transliteration
- potamon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
Αἰθιοπίας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- αἰθιοπίας
- Transliteration
- aithiopias
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܝ ܠܐܪܥܐ ܕܛܠܠܐ ܕܟܢ̈ܦܐ ܕܒܥܒܪ ܢܗܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܟܘܫ
7 word entries
ܘܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܝ
- Transliteration
- wy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 71
ܠܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- l'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 189
ܕܛܠܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܛܠܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dtll'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܟܢ̈ܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܢܦܐ
- Transliteration
- dknp'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܒܥܒܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܥܒܪ
- Transliteration
- db'br
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 11
ܢܗܪ̈ܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܗܪܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- nhrwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 31
ܕܟܘܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܘܫ
- Transliteration
- dkwsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 8
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וַי אַרְעָא דְאָתָן לָהּ בִּסְפִינָן מֵאַרְעָא רְחִיקָא וְקִלְעֵיהוֹן פְּרִיסָן כְּנִשְׁרָא דְטָאִיס בְּכַנְפוֹהִי דְמֵעִבַּר לְנַהֲרֵי הוֹדוּ׃
15 word entries
וַי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וי
- Transliteration
- wy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 85
אַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
דְאָתָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתן
- Transliteration
- d'tn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 235
לָהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לה
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 260
בִּסְפִינָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ספינן
- Transliteration
- bspynn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
מֵאַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- m'r''
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
רְחִיקָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רחיקא
- Transliteration
- rchyq'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 24
וְקִלְעֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קלעיהון
- Transliteration
- wql'yhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
פְּרִיסָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פריסן
- Transliteration
- prysn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
כְּנִשְׁרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נשרא
- Transliteration
- knshr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 24
דְטָאִיס
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טאיס
- Transliteration
- dt'ys
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
בְּכַנְפוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כנפוהי
- Transliteration
- bknpwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
דְמֵעִבַּר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מעבר
- Transliteration
- dm'br
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 20
לְנַהֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נהרי
- Transliteration
- lnhry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
הוֹדוּ׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הודו
- Transliteration
- hwdw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
[Væ terræ cymbalo alarum, quæ est trans flumina Æthiopiæ,
9 word entries
vae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uae
- Transliteration
- vae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 129
terrae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terrae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
cymbalo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cymbalum
- Transliteration
- cymbalo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 20
alarum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ala
- Transliteration
- alarum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 64
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
trans
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- trans
- Transliteration
- trans
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 93
flumina
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- flumen
- Transliteration
- flumina
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 138
Aethiopiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Aethiopia
- Transliteration
- Aethiopiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 23
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Zephaniah 3:10
From over the rivers of Ethiopia, and from the sides of the north, they will come to me with an offering.
8 relevance votes2 Kings 19:9
And when news came to him that Tirhakah, king of Ethiopia, had made an attack on him, he sent representatives to Hezekiah again, saying,
6 relevance votesZephaniah 2:12
And you Ethiopians will be put to death by my sword.
5 relevance votesPsalms 63:7
Because you have been my help, I will have joy in the shade of your wings.
4 relevance votesMatthew 23:37
O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, putting to death the prophets, and stoning those who are sent to her! Again and again would I have taken your children to myself as a bird takes her young ones under her wings, and you would not!
3 relevance votesPsalms 17:8
Keep me as the light of your eyes, covering me with the shade of your wings,
3 relevance votesPsalms 91:4
You will be covered by his feathers; under his wings you will be safe: his good faith will be your salvation.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 31:1
Cursed are those who go down to Egypt for help, and who put their faith in horses; looking to war-carriages for salvation, because of their numbers; and to horsemen, because they are very strong; but they are not looking to the Holy One of Israel, or turning their hearts to the Lord;
3 relevance votesRuth 2:12
The Lord give you a reward for what you have done, and may a full reward be given to you by the Lord, the God of Israel, under whose wings you have come to take cover.
3 relevance votesPsalms 36:7
How good is your loving mercy, O God! the children of men take cover under the shade of your wings.
3 relevance votesPsalms 61:4
I will make your tent my resting-place for ever: I will keep myself under the cover of your wings. (Selah.)
3 relevance votesPsalms 57:1
Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy on me; for the hope of my soul is in you: I will keep myself safely under the shade of your wings, till these troubles are past.
3 relevance votes