Hosea 12

Bible in Basic English, Verse 1

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¹ Ephraim's food is the wind, and he goes after the east wind: deceit and destruction are increasing day by day; they make an agreement with Assyria, and take oil into Egypt.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 12:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 103

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

סְבָבֻ֤נִי בְכַ֙חַשׁ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה עֹ֥ד רָד֙ עִם־אֵ֔ל וְעִם־קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים נֶאֱמָֽן׃

14 word entries

סְבָבֻ֤נִי

Lemma: 5437
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5437
Occurrences: 82

בְכַ֨חַשׁ֙

Lemma: b/3585
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3585
Occurrences: 1

אֶפְרַ֔יִם

Lemma: 669
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H669
Occurrences: 149

וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה

Lemma: c/b/4820
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4820
Occurrences: 1

בֵּ֣ית

Lemma: 1004 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1004
Occurrences: 1121

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה

Lemma: c/3063
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3063
Occurrences: 39

עֹ֥ד

Lemma: 5750
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H5750
Occurrences: 432

רָד֙

Lemma: 7300
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7300
Occurrences: 4

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

אֵ֔ל

Lemma: 410
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H410
Occurrences: 180

וְעִם

Lemma: c/5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 77

קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים

Lemma: 6918
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6918
Occurrences: 97

נֶאֱמָֽן

Lemma: 539
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H539
Occurrences: 81

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐκύκλωσέ με ἐν ψεύδει Ἐφραὶμ, καὶ ἐν ἀσεβείαις οἶκος Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ Ἰούδα· νῦν ἔγνω αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ὁ λαὸς ἅγιος κεκλήσεται Θεοῦ.

23 word entries

Ἐκύκλωσέ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐκύκλωσέ
Transliteration: ekyklose
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern with final accent
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

με

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

ψεύδει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ψεύδει
Transliteration: pseydei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

Ἐφραὶμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἐφραίμ
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Ephraim
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Ephraim.
Occurrences: 177

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

ἀσεβείαις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀσεβείαις
Transliteration: asebeiais
Morphology: dative plural feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

οἶκος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οἶκος
Transliteration: oikos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: house, household
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: House, household, or temple.
Occurrences: 1831

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἰούδα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰούδα
Transliteration: Iouda
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Judah, Judas
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Judah/Judas depending on context.
Occurrences: 692

νῦν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: νῦν
Transliteration: nyn
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: now
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Now, at the present time.
Occurrences: 614

ἔγνω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γινώσκω
Transliteration: egno
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it knew
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To know, recognize, perceive, or understand.
Occurrences: 284

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: God, god
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λαὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

ἅγιος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἅγιος
Transliteration: hagios
Morphology: adjective, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: holy
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Holy, sacred, or set apart.
Occurrences: 562

κεκλήσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κεκλήσεται
Transliteration: keklesetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Θεοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theou
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss: of God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܚܕܪܢܝ ܒܕܓܠܘܬܐ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܘܒܝܬ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܘܝܗܘܕܐ ܒܢܟܠܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܢܚܬ ܥܡܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܥܡܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܘܡܗܝܡܢܐ

14 word entries

ܚܕܪܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܕܪܢܝ
Transliteration: hdrny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܒܕܓܠܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܕܓܠܘܬܐ
Transliteration: bdglwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 12

ܐܦܪܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܪܝܡ
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܘܒܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܝܬ
Transliteration: wbyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 69

ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysr'yl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 96

ܘܝܗܘܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܝܗܘܕܐ
Transliteration: wyhwd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 33

ܒܢܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܢܟܠܐ
Transliteration: bnkl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 23

ܥܕܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܕܡܐ
Transliteration: 'dm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 606

ܕܢܚܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܚܬ
Transliteration: dnht
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 16

ܥܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܗ
Transliteration: 'mh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 328

ܕܐܠܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܠܗܐ
Transliteration: d'lh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 374

ܥܡܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܥܡܐ
Transliteration: amma
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: people, nation
Occurrences: 688

ܩܕܝܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܝܫܐ
Transliteration: qdysh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 120

ܘܡܗܝܡܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܗܝܡܢܐ
Transliteration: wmhymn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 7

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אַסְגִיאוּ קָדָמַי כַּדְבִין דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם וּבְנִכְלְהוֹן דְבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל וּדְבֵית יְהוּדָה הֲווֹ מַתְקְפִין בְּפוּלְחָנָא עַד דִגְלָא עַמָא דֶאֱלָהָא מֵאַרְעֲהוֹן וְאִינוּן דַהֲווֹ פָלְחִין קָדָמַי בְּבֵית מַקְדָשָׁא מִתְקְרָן עַמָא קַדִישָׁא בְּכֵן הֲווֹ קַיָמִין׃

30 word entries

אַסְגִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסגיאו
Transliteration: 'sgy'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

קָדָמַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמי
Transliteration: qdmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 443

כַּדְבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דבין
Transliteration: kdbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

דְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: dbyt
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: of/that house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אֶפְרַיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפרים
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 133

וּבְנִכְלְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בנכלהון
Transliteration: wbnklhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

דְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: dbyt
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: of/that house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

וּדְבֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דבית
Transliteration: wdbyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 93

יְהוּדָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהודה
Transliteration: yhwdh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 745

הֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 399

מַתְקְפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקפין
Transliteration: mtqpyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 11

בְּפוּלְחָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פולחנא
Transliteration: bpwlchn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 97

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 885

דִגְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גלא
Transliteration: dgl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 31

עַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 1754

דֶאֱלָהָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אלה
Transliteration: d'lh'
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: of/that God
Occurrences: 779

מֵאַרְעֲהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארעהון
Transliteration: m'r'hwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 73

וְאִינוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אינון
Transliteration: w'ynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 449

דַהֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: dhww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 399

פָלְחִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלחין
Transliteration: plchyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 40

קָדָמַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמי
Transliteration: qdmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 443

בְּבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: bbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ב + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: in/with house, household
Occurrences: 2611

מַקְדָשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדשא
Transliteration: mqdsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 420

מִתְקְרָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקרן
Transliteration: mtqrn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

עַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 1754

קַדִישָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדישא
Transliteration: qdysh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 53

בְּכֵן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בכן
Transliteration: bkn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 357

הֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 399

קַיָמִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קימין
Transliteration: qymyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 90

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Ephraim pascit ventum, et sequitur æstum; tota die mendacium et vastitatem multiplicat: et fœdus cum Assyriis iniit, et oleum in Ægyptum ferebat.

22 word entries

Ephraim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ephrais
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 38

pascit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pasco
Transliteration: pascit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 90

ventum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uenio
Transliteration: ventum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2233

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

sequitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sequor
Transliteration: sequitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 281

aestum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aestus
Transliteration: aestum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 18

tota

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: totus
Transliteration: tota
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 276

die

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dies
Transliteration: die
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2559

mendacium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mendacium
Transliteration: mendacium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 105

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

vastitatem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uastitas
Transliteration: vastitatem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 25

multiplicat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: multiplico
Transliteration: multiplicat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 160

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

foedus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: foedus
Transliteration: foedus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 213

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

Assyriis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Assyrii
Transliteration: Assyriis
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 130

iniit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ineo
Transliteration: iniit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 62

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

oleum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: oleum
Transliteration: oleum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 199

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Aegyptum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aegyptus
Transliteration: Aegyptum
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 617

ferebat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fero
Transliteration: ferebat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 392

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Hosea 12

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Hosea 11:12

Ezekiel 17:10

Jeremiah 22:22

Hosea 8:7

Hosea 5:13

Job 15:2

2 Kings 15:19