3 And Jokshan became the father of Sheba and Dedan. And from Dedan came the Asshurim and Letushim and Leummim.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 25:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְיָקְשָׁ֣ן יָלַ֔ד אֶת־שְׁבָ֖א וְאֶת־דְּדָ֑ן וּבְנֵ֣י דְדָ֔ן הָי֛וּ אַשּׁוּרִ֥ם וּלְטוּשִׁ֖ים וּלְאֻמִּֽים׃
12 word entries
וְיָקְשָׁ֣ן
יָלַ֔ד
אֶת
וְאֶת
וּבְנֵ֣י
הָי֛וּ
וּלְטוּשִׁ֖ים
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἰεζὰν δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Σαβὰ, καὶ τὸν Δεδάν· υἱοὶ δὲ Δεδὰν Ἀσσουριεὶμ, καὶ Λατουσιεὶμ, καὶ Λαωμείμ.
16 word entries
Ἰεζὰν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἰεζὰν
- Transliteration
- iezan
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ἐγέννησε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γεννάω
- Transliteration
- egennese
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he fathered, begot
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To beget, father, bear, or give birth.
- Occurrences
- 131
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Σαβὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Σαβὰ
- Transliteration
- saba
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Σαβὰ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 17
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Δεδάν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- δεδάν
- Transliteration
- dedan
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
υἱοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
Δεδὰν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- δεδὰν
- Transliteration
- dedan
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Ἀσσουριεὶμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Ἀσσουριεὶμ
- Transliteration
- assoyrieim
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀσσουριεὶμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Λατουσιεὶμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Λατουσιεὶμ
- Transliteration
- latoysieim
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Λατουσιεὶμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Λαωμείμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Λαωμείμ
- Transliteration
- laomeim
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Λαωμείμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וְיָקְשָׁן אוֹלִיד יָת שְׁבָא וְיָת דְּדָן וּבְנֵי דְדָן הֲווֹ לְמַשִּׁירְיָן וְלִשְׁכוּנִין וּלְּנַגְוָן
12 word entries
וְיָקְשָׁן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יקשן
- Transliteration
- wyqshn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
אוֹלִיד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אוליד
- Transliteration
- 'wlyd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 71
יָת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 2463
שְׁבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שבא
- Transliteration
- shb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 5
וְיָת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וית
- Transliteration
- wyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 775
דְּדָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דדן
- Transliteration
- ddn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 9
וּבְנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- wbny
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + noun plural construct
- Gloss
- and sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 1211
דְדָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דדן
- Transliteration
- ddn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 9
הֲווֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הוו
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 91
לְמַשִּׁירְיָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- משירין
- Transliteration
- lmshyryn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
וְלִשְׁכוּנִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לשכונין
- Transliteration
- wlshkwnyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
וּלְּנַגְוָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לנגון
- Transliteration
- wlngwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܝܩܫܢ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܫܒܐ ܘܠܕܪܢ. ܘܒܢ̈ܝ ܕܪܢ ܗܘܘ. ܐܫܘܕܝܡ ܘܠܛܫܝܡ ܘܐܡܝܡ.
10 word entries
ܘܝܩܫܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WJQCN
- Morphology
- W-JQCN/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܘܠܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >WLD
- Morphology
- ]>](J&WLD[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܫܒܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LCB>
- Morphology
- L-CB>=/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܠܕܪܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WLDRN
- Morphology
- W-L-DRN/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܒܢ̈ܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WBN"J
- Morphology
- W-BN/J
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܪܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DRN
- Morphology
- DRN/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܘܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- HWW
- Morphology
- HW(J[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܫܘܕܝܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >CWDJM
- Morphology
- >CWDJM/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܠܛܫܝܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WLVCJM
- Morphology
- W-LVCJM/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܐܡܝܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W>MJM
- Morphology
- W->MJM/
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Jecsan quoque genuit Saba et Dadan. Filii Dadan fuerunt Assurim, et Latusim, et Loomin.
14 word entries
Iexan
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iexan
- Transliteration
- Iexan
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
quoque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoque
- Transliteration
- quoque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 773
genuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gigno
- Transliteration
- genuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 302
Saba
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Saba
- Transliteration
- Saba
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 22
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Dadan
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Dada
- Transliteration
- Dadan
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 4
filii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
Dadan
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Dada
- Transliteration
- Dadan
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 4
fuerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- fuerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Assurim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Assur
- Transliteration
- Assurim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 12
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Lathusim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Lathusis
- Transliteration
- Lathusim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Loommim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Loommes
- Transliteration
- Loommim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ezekiel 25:13
The Lord has said, My hand will be stretched out against Edom, cutting off from it man and beast: and I will make it waste, from Teman even as far as Dedan they will be put to the sword.
4 relevance votesEzekiel 27:6
Of oak-trees from Bashan they have made your driving blades; they have made your floors of ivory and boxwood from the sea-lands of Kittim.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 25:23
Dedan and Tema and Buz, and all who have the ends of their hair cut;
3 relevance votes1 Kings 10:1
Now the queen of Sheba, hearing great things of Solomon, came to put his wisdom to the test with hard questions.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 27:20
Dedan did trade with you in cloths for the backs of horses.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 49:8
Go in flight, go back, take cover in deep places, you who are living in Dedan; for I will send the fate of Edom on him, even the time of his punishment.
3 relevance votesJob 6:19
The camel-trains of Tema were searching with care, the bands of Sheba were waiting for them:
3 relevance votesPsalms 72:10
Let the kings of Tarshish and of the islands come back with offerings; let the kings of Sheba and Seba give of their stores.
2 relevance votes2 Samuel 2:9
And made him king over Gilead and the Asherites and over Jezreel and Ephraim and Benjamin, that is, over all Israel.
2 relevance votes