13 Now the men of Sodom were evil, and great sinners before the Lord.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 13:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
45
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י סְדֹ֔ם רָעִ֖ים וְחַטָּאִ֑ים לַיהוָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃
6 word entries
וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י
רָעִ֖ים
וְחַטָּאִ֑ים
לַיהוָ֖ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οἱ δὲ ἄνθρωποι οἱ ἐν Σοδόμοις πονηροὶ καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ σφόδρα.
13 word entries
Οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ἄνθρωποι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἄνθρωπος
- Transliteration
- anthropos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- human, man
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Human being, person, man.
- Occurrences
- 1305
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
Σοδόμοις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σοδόμοις
- Transliteration
- sodomois
- Morphology
- dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
πονηροὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πονηροὶ
- Transliteration
- poneroi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἁμαρτωλοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἁμαρτωλοὶ
- Transliteration
- amartoloi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 22
ἐναντίον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐναντίον
- Transliteration
- enantion
- Morphology
- preposition/adverb
- Gloss
- before, opposite, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition/adverb
- Definition
- Before, opposite, in the presence of, or against.
- Occurrences
- 414
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Θεοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θεός
- Transliteration
- theou
- Morphology
- noun, masculine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity, or divine being.
- Strong's
- G2316
- Occurrences
- 3522
σφόδρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σφόδρα
- Transliteration
- sphodra
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- greatly, exceedingly
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- Very, exceedingly, greatly.
- Occurrences
- 384
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וֶאֱנָשִׁין דִסְדוֹם בִּישִׁין בְּמָמוֹנְהוֹן וְחַיָבִין בִּגְוִיָתְהוֹן קֳדָם יְיָ לַחֲדָא
9 word entries
וֶאֱנָשִׁין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנשין
- Transliteration
- w'nshyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
דִסְדוֹם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סדום
- Transliteration
- dsdwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 22
בִּישִׁין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישין
- Transliteration
- byshyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 6
בְּמָמוֹנְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ממונהון
- Transliteration
- bmmwnhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
וְחַיָבִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חיבין
- Transliteration
- wchybyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 8
בִּגְוִיָתְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גויתהון
- Transliteration
- bgwythwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
קֳדָם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- קדם
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- prepositional or nominal form
- Gloss
- before, in front of, east
- Occurrences
- 823
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 1694
לַחֲדָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חדא
- Transliteration
- lchd'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 207
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܢܫܐ ܕܣܕܘܡ ܒܝܫ̈ܝܢ ܘܚ̈ܛܝܝܢ ܛܒ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܝܐ.
7 word entries
ܘܐܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W>NC>
- Morphology
- W->NC/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܣܕܘܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DSDWM
- Morphology
- D-SDWM/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܝܫ̈ܝܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BJC"JN
- Morphology
- BJC/JN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܚ̈ܛܝܝܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WX"VJJN
- Morphology
- W-XVJ=/JN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܛܒ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- VB
- Morphology
- VB/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- QDM
- Morphology
- QDM/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MRJ>
- Morphology
- MRJ>/
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Homines autem Sodomitæ pessimi erant, et peccatores coram Domino nimis.
10 word entries
homines
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- homo
- Transliteration
- homines
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1653
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
Sodomitae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sodomitus
- Transliteration
- Sodomitae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
pessimi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malus
- Transliteration
- pessimi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 671
erant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
peccatores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- peccator
- Transliteration
- peccatores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 195
coram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- coram
- Transliteration
- coram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 710
Domino
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Domino
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
nimis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nimis
- Transliteration
- nimis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 144
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Peter 2:10
But specially those who go after the unclean desires of the flesh, and make sport of authority. Ready to take chances, uncontrolled, they have no fear of saying evil of those in high places:
5 relevance votesJude 1:7
Even as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the towns near them, having like these, given themselves up to unclean desires and gone after strange flesh, have been made an example, undergoing the punishment of eternal fire.
4 relevance votesRomans 1:27
And in the same way the men gave up the natural use of the woman and were burning in their desire for one another, men doing shame with men, and getting in their bodies the right reward of their evil-doing.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 23:24
In what secret place may a man take cover without my seeing him? says the Lord. Is there any place in heaven or earth where I am not? says the Lord.
3 relevance votesGenesis 18:20
And the Lord said, Because the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is very great, and their sin is very evil,
2 relevance votesMatthew 9:13
But go and take to heart the sense of these words, My desire is for mercy, not offerings: for I have come not to get the upright, but sinners.
2 relevance votesHebrews 4:13
And there is nothing made which is not completely clear to him; there is nothing covered, but all things are open to the eyes of him with whom we have to do.
2 relevance votes2 Kings 21:6
And he made his son go through the fire, and made use of secret arts and signs for reading the future; he gave positions to those who had control of spirits and to wonder-workers; he did much evil in the eyes of the Lord, moving him to wrath.
1 relevance votesGenesis 10:9
He was a very great bowman, so that there is a saying, Like Nimrod, a very great bowman.
1 relevance votesGenesis 6:11
And the earth was evil in God's eyes and full of violent ways.
1 relevance votesGenesis 15:16
And in the fourth generation they will come back here; for at present the sin of the Amorite is not full.
1 relevance votesJohn 9:31
We have knowledge that God does not give ear to sinners, but if any man is a worshipper of God and does his pleasure, to him God's ears are open.
1 relevance votes
Chapter 13 · 13 of 50 available
Verse 13 of 18