4 If you come across the ox or the ass of one who is no friend to you wandering from its way, you are to take it back to him.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 23:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
59
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
כִּ֣י תִפְגַּ֞ע שׁ֧וֹר אֹֽיִבְךָ֛ א֥וֹ חֲמֹר֖וֹ תֹּעֶ֑ה הָשֵׁ֥ב תְּשִׁיבֶ֖נּוּ לֽוֹ׃ ס
10 word entries
כִּ֣י
תִפְגַּ֞ע
שׁ֧וֹר
אֹֽיִבְךָ֛
חֲמֹר֖וֹ
תֹּעֶ֑ה
הָשֵׁ֥ב
תְּשִׁיבֶ֖נּוּ
לֽוֹ
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἐὰν δὲ συναντήσῃς τῷ βοῒ τοῦ ἐχθροῦ σου, ἢ τῷ ὑποζυγίῳ αὐτοῦ πλανωμένοις, ἀποστρέψας ἀποδώσεις αὐτῷ.
16 word entries
Ἐὰν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐάν
- Transliteration
- ean
- Morphology
- conditional particle
- Gloss
- if, whenever
- Part of Speech
- conditional particle
- Definition
- Conditional particle, often with subjunctive.
- Occurrences
- 1253
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
συναντήσῃς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- συναντήσῃς
- Transliteration
- synanteses
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
τῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
βοῒ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- βοῒ
- Transliteration
- bo
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐχθροῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐχθροῦ
- Transliteration
- echthroy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 30
σου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σύ
- Transliteration
- sy
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative second-person singular
- Gloss
- you
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Second-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 12950
ἢ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἤ
- Transliteration
- e
- Morphology
- disjunctive/comparative particle
- Gloss
- or, than
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Disjunctive or comparative particle.
- Occurrences
- 931
τῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ὑποζυγίῳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ὑποζυγίῳ
- Transliteration
- ypozygio
- Morphology
- 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
- Gloss
- I ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
πλανωμένοις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πλανωμένοις
- Transliteration
- planomenois
- Morphology
- dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἀποστρέψας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀποστρέψας
- Transliteration
- apostrepsas
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
ἀποδώσεις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀποδώσεις
- Transliteration
- apodoseis
- Morphology
- Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
αὐτῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
אֲרֵי תִפְגַע תּוֹרָא דְסָנְאָךְ אוֹ חֲמָרֵהּ דְטָּעֵי אָתָבָא תְּתִיבִנֵהּ לֵהּ:
10 word entries
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 989
תִפְגַע
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תפגע
- Transliteration
- tpg'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
תּוֹרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תורא
- Transliteration
- twr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 65
דְסָנְאָךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סנאך
- Transliteration
- dsn'k
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 12
אוֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- או
- Transliteration
- 'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 260
חֲמָרֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמרה
- Transliteration
- chmrh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
דְטָּעֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טעי
- Transliteration
- dt'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
אָתָבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתבא
- Transliteration
- 'tb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 6
תְּתִיבִנֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תתיבנה
- Transliteration
- ttybnh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
לֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לה
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 465
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܟܕ ܬܦܓܥ ܒܬܘܪܐ ܕܒܥܠܕܒܒܟ ܐܘ ܒܚܡܪܗ ܟܕ ܛܥ̇ܝܢ. ܡܗܦܟܘ ܐܗܦܟ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܗ.
12 word entries
ܘܟܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WKD
- Morphology
- W-KD
- Occurrences
- 0
ܬܦܓܥ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- TPG<
- Morphology
- !T!PG<[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܬܘܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BTWR>
- Morphology
- B-TWR/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܒܥܠܕܒܒܟ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DB<LDBBK
- Morphology
- D-B<LDBB/-K
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >W
- Morphology
- >W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܚܡܪܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BXMRH
- Morphology
- B-XMR/-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- KD
- Morphology
- KD
- Occurrences
- 0
ܛܥ̇ܝܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- V<^JN
- Morphology
- V<(J[/JN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܗܦܟܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MHPKW
- Morphology
- !M!](>]HPK[/W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܗܦܟ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >HPK
- Morphology
- !!]>]HPK[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >NWN
- Morphology
- >NWN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LH
- Morphology
- L-H
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Si occurreris bovi inimici tui, aut asino erranti, reduc ad eum.
11 word entries
si
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- si
- Transliteration
- si
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1970
occurreris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- occurro
- Transliteration
- occurreris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 97
bovi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- bos
- Transliteration
- bovi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 227
inimici
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inimicus
- Transliteration
- inimici
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 389
tui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tuus
- Transliteration
- tui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5615
aut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aut
- Transliteration
- aut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 509
asino
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- asinus
- Transliteration
- asino
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 100
erranti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- erro
- Transliteration
- erranti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 73
reduc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- reduco
- Transliteration
- reduc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 82
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Thessalonians 5:15
Let no one give evil for evil; but ever go after what is good, for one another and for all.
4 relevance votesMatthew 5:44
But I say to you, Have love for those who are against you, and make prayer for those who are cruel to you;
3 relevance votesProverbs 25:21
If your hater is in need of food, give him bread; and if he is in need of drink, give him water:
2 relevance votes