3 And her two sons, one of whom was named Gershom, for he said, I have been living in a strange land:
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 18:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
68
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יהָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה׃
13 word entries
וְאֵ֖ת
בָנֶ֑יהָ
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
שֵׁ֤ם
הָֽאֶחָד֙
כִּ֣י
אָמַ֔ר
גֵּ֣ר
הָיִ֔יתִי
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
καὶ τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς αὐτῆς· ὄνομα τῷ ἑνὶ αὐτῶν Γηρσάμ, λέγων, πάροικος ἤμην ἐν γῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ·
16 word entries
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
δύο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δύο
- Transliteration
- duo
- Morphology
- numeral, indeclinable or irregular
- Gloss
- two
- Part of Speech
- numeral
- Definition
- The numeral two.
- Occurrences
- 520
υἱοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
αὐτῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ὄνομα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὄνομα
- Transliteration
- onoma
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- name
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Name.
- Occurrences
- 908
τῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἑνὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἷς
- Transliteration
- heis
- Morphology
- numeral/adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- one
- Part of Speech
- numeral/adjective
- Definition
- One, a single one.
- Occurrences
- 785
αὐτῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
Γηρσάμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Γηρσάμ
- Transliteration
- gersam
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Γηρσάμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
λέγων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λέγω
- Transliteration
- legon
- Morphology
- participle, present active masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- saying
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- To say or speak.
- Occurrences
- 5490
πάροικος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πάροικος
- Transliteration
- paroikos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
ἤμην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- emen
- Morphology
- verb, imperfect middle/deponent indicative, 1st singular
- Gloss
- I was
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
γῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ge
- Morphology
- noun, feminine dative singular
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
ἀλλοτρίᾳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀλλοτρίᾳ
- Transliteration
- allotria
- Morphology
- dative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וְיָת תְּרֵין בְּנָהָא דִי שׁוּם חַד גֵרְשֹׁם אֲרֵי אֲמַר דַיָר הֲוֵיתִי בְּאַרְעָא נוּכְרָאָה:
13 word entries
וְיָת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וית
- Transliteration
- wyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 775
תְּרֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תרין
- Transliteration
- tryn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 204
בְּנָהָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נהא
- Transliteration
- bnh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 9
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1640
שׁוּם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שום
- Transliteration
- shwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 50
חַד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חד
- Transliteration
- chd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 282
גֵרְשֹׁם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גרשם
- Transliteration
- grshm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 989
אֲמַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- 'mr
- Morphology
- verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 1144
דַיָר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דיר
- Transliteration
- dyr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 11
הֲוֵיתִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הויתי
- Transliteration
- hwyty
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
בְּאַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- b'r''
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition ב + noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- in/with earth, land
- Occurrences
- 840
נוּכְרָאָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נוכראה
- Transliteration
- nwkr'h
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܠܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܢܝ̈ܗ̇ ܕܫܡܗ ܕܚܕ̣ ܓܪܫܘܢ. ܡܛܠ ܕܐܡ̣ܪ̣ ܕܬܘܬܒܐ ܗܘ̣ܝܬ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܢܘܟܪܝܬܐ.
11 word entries
ܘܠܬܪ̈ܝܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WLTR"JN
- Morphology
- W-L-TR/JN=
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܢܝ̈ܗ̇
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BNJ"H^
- Morphology
- BN/J-H=
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܫܡܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DCMH
- Morphology
- D-CM/-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܚܕ̣
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DXD#
- Morphology
- D-XD/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܓܪܫܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- GRCWN
- Morphology
- GRCWN/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MVL
- Morphology
- MVL
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܐܡ̣ܪ̣
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D>M#R#
- Morphology
- D->MR[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܬܘܬܒܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DTWTB>
- Morphology
- D-TWTB/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܘ̣ܝܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- HW#JT
- Morphology
- HWJ[T
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- B>R<>
- Morphology
- B->R</~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܘܟܪܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- NWKRJT>
- Morphology
- NWKRJ/T~>
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et duos filios ejus: quorum unus vocabatur Gersam, dicente patre: Advena fui in terra aliena;
15 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
duos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- duo
- Transliteration
- duos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 695
filios
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filios
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
unus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unus
- Transliteration
- unus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 1077
vocabatur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uoco
- Transliteration
- vocabatur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 652
Gersan
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gersan
- Transliteration
- Gersan
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
dicente
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicente
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
patre
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pater
- Transliteration
- patre
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1575
advena
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aduena
- Transliteration
- advena
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 81
fui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- fui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
terra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
aliena
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- alienus
- Transliteration
- aliena
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 198
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Exodus 2:22
And she gave birth to a son, to whom he gave the name Gershom: for he said, I have been living in a strange land.
6 relevance votesActs 7:29
And at these words, Moses went in flight to the land of Midian, and was living there for a time, and had two sons.
5 relevance votesPsalms 39:12
Let my prayer come to your ears, O Lord, and give attention to my cry, make an answer to my weeping: for my time here is short before you, and in a little time I will be gone, like all my fathers.
3 relevance votesHebrews 11:13
All these came to their end in faith, not having had the heritage; but having seen it with delight far away, they gave witness that they were wanderers and not of the earth.
3 relevance votesExodus 4:20
And Moses took his wife and his sons and put them on an ass and went back to the land of Egypt: and he took the rod of God in his hand.
3 relevance votes1 Peter 2:11
My loved ones, I make this request with all my heart, that, as those for whom this world is a strange country, you will keep yourselves from the desires of the flesh which make war against the soul;
2 relevance votes