Exodus
Chapter 15
Verse 15
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Exodus 15

Bible in Basic English, Verse 15

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15 The chiefs of Edom were troubled in heart; the strong men of Moab were in the grip of fear: all the people of Canaan became like water.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 15:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 66
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אָ֤ז נִבְהֲלוּ֙ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם אֵילֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖מוֹ רָ֑עַד נָמֹ֕גוּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃

12 word entries
אָ֤ז
Lemma
227 a
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
H227
Occurrences
118
נִבְהֲלוּ֙
Lemma
926
Morphology
Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H926
Occurrences
25
אַלּוּפֵ֣י
Lemma
441 b
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H441
Occurrences
58
אֱד֔וֹם
Lemma
123
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H123
Occurrences
81
אֵילֵ֣י
Lemma
352 c
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H352
Occurrences
4
מוֹאָ֔ב
Lemma
4124
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4124
Occurrences
160
יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖מוֹ
Lemma
270
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H270
Occurrences
35
רָ֑עַד
Lemma
7461 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7461
Occurrences
1
נָמֹ֕גוּ
Lemma
4127
Morphology
Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H4127
Occurrences
13
כֹּ֖ל
Lemma
3605
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3605
Occurrences
3268
יֹשְׁבֵ֥י
Lemma
3427
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3427
Occurrences
600
כְנָֽעַן
Lemma
3667 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3667
Occurrences
86
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Τότε ἔσπευσαν ἡγεμόνες Ἐδὼμ, καὶ ἄρχοντες Μωαβιτῶν· ἔλαβεν αὐτοὺς τρόμος· ἐτάκησαν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες Χαναάν.

15 word entries
Τότε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
tote
Morphology
adverb
Gloss
then, at that time
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Temporal adverb.
Occurrences
228
ἔσπευσαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
espeysan
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss
they ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
6
ἡγεμόνες
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
egemones
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἡγεμόνες
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
22
Ἐδὼμ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
edom
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἐδὼμ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
33
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἄρχοντες
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
archon
Morphology
noun/participle substantive, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
ruler, leader
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Ruler, leader, or official.
Occurrences
577
Μωαβιτῶν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
moabiton
Morphology
Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss
of ... / being ...
Part of Speech
participle/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
4
ἔλαβεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
elaben
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it took, received
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To take, receive, or obtain.
Occurrences
894
αὐτοὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
τρόμος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
tromos
Morphology
nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
15
ἐτάκησαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
etakesan
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss
they ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
7
πάντες
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
πᾶς
Transliteration
pas
Morphology
adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
all, every
Part of Speech
adjective
Definition
All, every, whole.
Occurrences
6138
οἱ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
κατοικοῦντες
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
katoikountes
Morphology
present active participle, nominative masculine plural
Gloss
dwelling, inhabiting
Part of Speech
verb/participle
Definition
To dwell, inhabit, or live in.
Occurrences
217
Χαναάν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
chanaan
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Χαναάν
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Canaan, land or personal name.
Occurrences
97
Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

בְּכֵן אִתְבְּהִילוּ רַבְרְבֵי אֱדוֹם תַּקִיפֵי מוֹאָב אֲחַדָתְנוּן רְתֵיתָא אִתְבָּרוּ כֹּל דַהֲווֹ יָתְבִין בִּכְנָעַן:

13 word entries
בְּכֵן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
בכן
Transliteration
bkn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
29
אִתְבְּהִילוּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tbhylw
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
רַבְרְבֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
rbrby
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
31
אֱדוֹם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'dwm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
18
תַּקִיפֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tqypy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1
מוֹאָב
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ואב
Transliteration
mw'b
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
19
אֲחַדָתְנוּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'chdtnwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
רְתֵיתָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
rtyt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
1
אִתְבָּרוּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tbrw
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1
כֹּל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
כל
Transliteration
kl
Morphology
collective noun/adjective
Gloss
all, every
Occurrences
937
דַהֲווֹ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
הוו
Transliteration
dhww
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
91
יָתְבִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ytbyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
11
בִּכְנָעַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
bkn'n
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
57
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܝܕܝܢ ܕܚܠ̣ܘ ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ ܕܐܕܘܡ. ܘܠܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܡܘܐܒ ܐܚ̣ܕ ܐܢܘܢ ܪܬܝܬܐ. ܐܬܬ̣ܒܪܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܕܟܢܥܢ.

13 word entries
ܗܝܕܝܢ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
HJDJN
Morphology
HJDJN
Occurrences
0
ܕܚܠ̣ܘ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
DXL#W
Morphology
DXL[W
Occurrences
0
ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
R"WRBN>
Morphology
RWRBN/(J~>
Occurrences
0
ܕܐܕܘܡ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
D>DWM
Morphology
D->DWM/
Occurrences
0
ܘܠܓܒܪ̈ܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
WLGBR">
Morphology
W-L-GBR/(J~>
Occurrences
0
ܕܡܘܐܒ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
DMW>B
Morphology
D-MW>B/
Occurrences
0
ܐܚ̣ܕ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
>X#D
Morphology
>XD[
Occurrences
0
ܐܢܘܢ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
>NWN
Morphology
>NWN
Occurrences
0
ܪܬܝܬܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
RTJT>
Morphology
RTJT/~>
Occurrences
0
ܐܬܬ̣ܒܪܘ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
>TT#BRW
Morphology
@>T@TBR[W
Occurrences
0
ܟܠܗܘܢ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
KLHWN
Morphology
KL/-HWN
Occurrences
0
ܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
<MWR">
Morphology
<MWR/(J~>
Occurrences
0
ܕܟܢܥܢ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
DKN<N
Morphology
D-KN<N/
Occurrences
0
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Tunc conturbati sunt principes Edom, robustos Moab obtinuit tremor: obriguerunt omnes habitatores Chanaan.

13 word entries
tunc
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
tunc
Transliteration
tunc
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
409
conturbati
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
conturbati
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
84
sunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
sunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
principes
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
principes
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
830
Edom
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
edo
Transliteration
Edom
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
99
robustos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
robustos
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
85
Moab
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
moaber
Transliteration
Moab
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
113
obtinuit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
obtineo
Transliteration
obtinuit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
69
tremor
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
tremor
Transliteration
tremor
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
24
obriguerunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
obriguerunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
2
omnes
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
omnis
Transliteration
omnes
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5506
habitatores
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
habitatores
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
204
Chanaan
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Chanaan
Transliteration
Chanaan
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
98

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Joshua 5:1

Now when the news came to all the kings of the Amorites on the west side of Jordan, and all the kings of the Canaanites living by the sea, how the Lord had made the waters of Jordan dry before the children of Israel, till they had gone across, their hearts became like water, and there was no more spirit in them, because of the children of Israel.

5 relevance votes

Joshua 2:9

And said to them, It is clear to me that the Lord has given you the land, and that the fear of you has come on us;

4 relevance votes

Joshua 2:11

And because of this news, our hearts became like water, and there was no more spirit in any of us because of you; for the Lord your God is God in heaven on high and here on earth.

4 relevance votes

Genesis 36:40

These are the names of the chiefs of Esau in the order of their families and their places: Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,

3 relevance votes

Deuteronomy 2:4

And give the people orders, saying, You are about to go through the land of your brothers, the children of Esau, who are living in Seir; and they will have fear of you; so take care what you do:

3 relevance votes

Psalms 68:2

Let them be like smoke before the driving wind; as wax turning soft before the fire, so let them come to an end before the power of God.

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 19:1

The word about Egypt. See, the Lord is seated on a quick-moving cloud, and is coming to Egypt: and the false gods of Egypt will be troubled at his coming, and the heart of Egypt will be turned to water.

2 relevance votes

Joshua 2:24

And they said to Joshua, Truly, the Lord has given all the land into our hands; and all the people of the land have become like water because of us.

2 relevance votes

2 Samuel 17:10

Then even the strongest, whose heart is like the heart of a lion, will become like water; for all Israel is conscious that your father is a man of war, and those who are with him are strong and without fear.

2 relevance votes

Deuteronomy 20:8

And let the overseers go on to say to the people, If there is any man whose heart is feeble with fear, let him go back to his house before he makes the hearts of his countrymen feeble.

2 relevance votes

Joshua 14:8

My brothers, however, who went up with me, made the heart of the people like water: but I was true to the Lord with all my heart.

2 relevance votes

Nahum 2:10

Everything has been taken from her, all is gone, she has nothing more: the heart is turned to water, the knees are shaking, all are twisted in pain, and colour has gone from all faces.

2 relevance votes
Chapter 15 · 15 of 40 available Verse 15 of 27