48 It is God who sends punishment on my haters, and puts peoples under my rule.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 22:48. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
44
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
הָאֵ֕ל הַנֹּתֵ֥ן נְקָמֹ֖ת לִ֑י וּמוֹרִ֥יד עַמִּ֖ים תַּחְתֵּֽנִי׃
7 word entries
הָאֵ֕ל
הַנֹּתֵ֥ן
נְקָמֹ֖ת
לִ֑י
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
וּמוֹרִ֥יד
עַמִּ֖ים
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἰσχυρὸς Κύριος ὁ διδοὺς ἐκδικήσεις ἐμοὶ, παιδεύων λαοὺς ὑποκάτω μου,
10 word entries
Ἰσχυρὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἰσχυρὸς
- Transliteration
- ischyros
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἰσχυρὸς
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 28
Κύριος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
διδοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- διδοὺς
- Transliteration
- didoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 19
ἐκδικήσεις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐκδικήσεις
- Transliteration
- ekdikeseis
- Morphology
- Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
ἐμοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
παιδεύων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- παιδεύων
- Transliteration
- paideyon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
λαοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- λαοὺς
- Transliteration
- laoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 23
ὑποκάτω
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὑποκάτω
- Transliteration
- hypokato
- Morphology
- adverb/preposition
- Gloss
- under, beneath
- Part of Speech
- adverb/preposition
- Definition
- Under or beneath.
- Occurrences
- 90
μου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܠܗܐ ܕܝܗܒ ܠܝ ܬܒܥܬܐ ܘܫܥܒܕ ܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܬܚ̈ܘܬܝ
7 word entries
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- alaha
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 940
ܕܝܗܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܗܒ
- Transliteration
- dyhb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 67
ܠܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝ
- Transliteration
- ly
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 865
ܬܒܥܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܒܥܬܐ
- Transliteration
- tb't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 10
ܘܫܥܒܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܥܒܕ
- Transliteration
- wsh'bd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܡܡܐ
- Transliteration
- l'mm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 54
ܬܚ̈ܘܬܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܚܘܬܝ
- Transliteration
- thwty
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אֱלָהָא דַעֲבַד פּוּרְעֲנוּתָא לִי וְתַבַּר עַמְמַיָא דְקַיְימִין לְאַבְאָשָׁא לִי תְּחוֹתָי׃
10 word entries
אֱלָהָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אלה
- Transliteration
- 'lh'
- Morphology
- noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 779
דַעֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- d'bd
- Morphology
- prefixed relative/genitive ד + verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- of/that made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 1208
פּוּרְעֲנוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פורענותא
- Transliteration
- pwr'nwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 55
לִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לי
- Transliteration
- ly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 595
וְתַבַּר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תבר
- Transliteration
- wtbr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 70
עַמְמַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עממיא
- Transliteration
- 'mmy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 635
דְקַיְימִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קיימין
- Transliteration
- dqyymyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 10
לְאַבְאָשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אבאשא
- Transliteration
- l'b'sh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 36
לִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לי
- Transliteration
- ly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 595
תְּחוֹתָי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תחותי
- Transliteration
- tchwty
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 9
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Deus qui das vindictas mihi, et dejicis populos sub me.
10 word entries
Deus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
das
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- do
- Transliteration
- das
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2116
vindictas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uindicta
- Transliteration
- vindictas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
mihi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- mihi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
deicis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deicio
- Transliteration
- deicis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 34
populos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- populus
- Transliteration
- populos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2030
sub
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sub
- Transliteration
- sub
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 330
me
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- me
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 94:1
O God, in whose hands is punishment, O God of punishment, let your shining face be seen.
5 relevance votesPsalms 144:2
He is my strength, and my Rock; my high tower, and my saviour; my keeper and my hope: he gives me authority over my people.
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 25:30
And when the Lord has done for my lord all those good things which he has said he will do for you, and has made you a ruler over Israel;
2 relevance votesPsalms 110:1
The Lord said to my lord, Be seated at my right hand, till I put all those who are against you under your feet.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 25:39
And David, hearing that Nabal was dead, said, May the Lord be praised, who has taken up my cause against Nabal for the shame which he put on me, and has kept back his servant from evil, and has sent on Nabal's head the reward of his evil-doing. And David sent word to Abigail, desiring to take her as his wife.
2 relevance votes2 Samuel 18:31
And then the Cushite came and said, I have news for my lord the king: today the Lord has done right in your cause against all those who took up arms against you.
2 relevance votes1 Corinthians 15:25
For his rule will go on till he has put all those who are against him under his feet.
2 relevance votes2 Samuel 18:19
Then Ahimaaz, the son of Zadok, said, Let me go and give the king news of how the Lord has done right in his cause against those who took up arms against him.
2 relevance votes