19 He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, as Jehoiakim had done.
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2 Kings 24
Bible in Basic English, Verse 19
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Kings 24:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
43
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוֹיָקִֽים׃
8 word entries
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ
הָרַ֖ע
בְּעֵינֵ֣י
כְּכֹ֥ל
אֲשֶׁר
עָשָׂ֖ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν Ἰωακίμ.
11 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐποίησε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ποιέω
- Transliteration
- epoiese
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it made, did
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To make, do, perform, or produce.
- Strong's
- G4160
- Occurrences
- 2253
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πονηρὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πονηρός
- Transliteration
- poneron
- Morphology
- adjective, accusative masculine singular or nominative/accusative neuter singular
- Gloss
- evil, wicked
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Evil, wicked, bad, or troublesome.
- Occurrences
- 198
ἐνώπιον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐνώπιον
- Transliteration
- enopion
- Morphology
- preposition/adverb
- Gloss
- before, in the presence of
- Part of Speech
- preposition/adverb
- Definition
- Before or in the presence of.
- Occurrences
- 516
Κυρίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
κατὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κατά
- Transliteration
- kata
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- according to, against, down
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of κατά.
- Occurrences
- 1973
πάντα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
ὅσα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅσος
- Transliteration
- hosa
- Morphology
- relative adjective/pronoun, nominative/accusative neuter plural
- Gloss
- as many as, whatever
- Part of Speech
- relative adjective/pronoun
- Definition
- As much as, as many as.
- Occurrences
- 516
ἐποίησεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ποιέω
- Transliteration
- epoiesen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it made, did
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To make, do, perform, or produce.
- Strong's
- G4160
- Occurrences
- 2253
Ἰωακίμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἰωακίμ
- Transliteration
- ioakim
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἰωακίμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܥܒܕ ܕܒܝܫ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܥܒܕ ܝܘܝܩܝܡ
7 word entries
ܘܥܒܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܒܕ
- Transliteration
- w'bd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 265
ܕܒܝܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܝܫ
- Transliteration
- dbysh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 64
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1019
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2051
ܕܥܒܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܒܕ
- Transliteration
- d'bd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 246
ܝܘܝܩܝܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܝܩܝܡ
- Transliteration
- ywyqym
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 31
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וַעֲבַד דְבִישׁ קֳדָם יְיָ כְּכֹל דַעֲבַד יְהוֹיָקִים׃
7 word entries
וַעֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- w'bd
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- and made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 1208
דְבִישׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ביש
- Transliteration
- dbysh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 184
קֳדָם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- קדם
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- prepositional or nominal form
- Gloss
- before, in front of, east
- Occurrences
- 2023
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
כְּכֹל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ככל
- Transliteration
- kkl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 84
דַעֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- d'bd
- Morphology
- prefixed relative/genitive ד + verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- of/that made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 1208
יְהוֹיָקִים׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהויקים
- Transliteration
- yhwyqym
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 34
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et fecit malum coram Domino, juxta omnia quæ fecerat Joakim.
10 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
fecit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- fecit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
malum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malus
- Transliteration
- malum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 671
coram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- coram
- Transliteration
- coram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 710
Domino
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Domino
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
iuxta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iuxta
- Transliteration
- iuxta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 593
omnia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
fecerat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- fecerat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
Ioiachim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Ioachis
- Transliteration
- Ioiachim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 43
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Kings 23:37
He did evil in the eyes of the Lord as his fathers had done.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 24:8
And like the bad figs which are so bad that they are of no use for food, so I will give up Zedekiah, king of Judah, and his chiefs and the rest of Jerusalem who are still in this land, and those who are in the land of Egypt:
2 relevance votes2 Chronicles 36:12
He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, and did not make himself low before Jeremiah the prophet who gave him the word of the Lord.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 21:25
And you, O evil one, wounded to death, O ruler of Israel, whose day has come in the time of the last punishment;
2 relevance votes