4 Because the god of this world has made blind the minds of those who have not faith, so that the light of the good news of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, might not be shining on them.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Corinthians 4:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
97
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
ἐν οἷς ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἐτύφλωσε τὰ νοήματα τῶν ἀπίστων, εἰς τὸ μὴ αὐγάσαι αὐτοῖς τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δόξης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ Θεοῦ.
30 word entries
ἐν
οἷς
ὁ
θεὸς
τοῦ
αἰῶνος
τούτου
ἐτύφλωσε
τὰ
νοήματα
τῶν
ἀπίστων
εἰς
τὸ
μὴ
αὐγάσαι
αὐτοῖς
τὸν
φωτισμὸν
τοῦ
εὐαγγελίου
- Lemma
- euaggeliou
- Transliteration
- euaggeliou
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G2098
- Occurrences
- 24
τῆς
δόξης
τοῦ
Χριστοῦ
ὅς
ἐστιν
εἰκὼν
τοῦ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἐν οἷς ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἐτύφλωσεν τὰ νοήματα τῶν ἀπίστων εἰς τὸ μὴ αὐγάσαι τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δόξης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ.
29 word entries
ἐν
ὁ
θεὸς
τοῦ
τὰ
τῶν
τὸ
τὸν
τοῦ
εὐαγγελίου
- Lemma
- εὐαγγέλιον
- Morphology
- N-GSN
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G2098
- Occurrences
- 76
τῆς
τοῦ
ἐστιν
τοῦ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܐܠܗܗ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܗܢܐ ܥܘܪ ܡܕܥܝܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܕܠܐ ܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܢܕܢܚ ܠܗܘܢ ܢܘܗܪܗ ܕܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ ܕܫܘܒܚܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܗܘܝܘ ܕܡܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ
19 word entries
ܐܝܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ylyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 319
ܕܐܠܗܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܗ
- Transliteration
- d'lhh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܥܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 73
ܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 482
ܥܘܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܪ
- Transliteration
- 'wr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܕܥܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܥܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- md'yhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mhymnyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 30
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܢܕܢܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܕܢܚ
- Transliteration
- ndnh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 830
ܢܘܗܪܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܘܗܪܗ
- Transliteration
- nwhrh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 9
ܕܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ
- Transliteration
- d'wnglywn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܕܫܘܒܚܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܘܒܚܗ
- Transliteration
- dshwbhh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܕܡܫܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܫܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- dmshyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 97
ܕܗܘܝܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܗܘܝܘ
- Transliteration
- dhwyw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 19
ܕܡܘܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܘܬܗ
- Transliteration
- dmwth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
in quibus Deus hujus sæculi excæcavit mentes infidelium, ut non fulgeat illis illuminatio Evangelii gloriæ Christi, qui est imago Dei.
19 word entries
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
quibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
deus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- deus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
huius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- huius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
saeculi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- saeculum
- Transliteration
- saeculi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 280
excaecavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- excaeco
- Transliteration
- excaecavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 8
mentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mens
- Transliteration
- mentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 80
infidelium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- infidelis
- Transliteration
- infidelium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 28
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
fulgeat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fulgeo
- Transliteration
- fulgeat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 12
inluminatio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- illuminatio
- Transliteration
- inluminatio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
evangelii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- euangelium
- Transliteration
- evangelii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
gloriae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gloria
- Transliteration
- gloriae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 475
Christi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Christus
- Transliteration
- Christi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 541
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
imago
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- imago
- Transliteration
- imago
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 51
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
John 12:40
He has made their eyes blind, and their hearts hard; for fear that they might see with their eyes and get knowledge with their hearts, and be changed, and I might make them well.
104 relevance votesActs 26:18
To make their eyes open, turning them from the dark to the light, and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may have forgiveness of sins and a heritage among those who are made holy by faith in me.
75 relevance votes2 Corinthians 3:14
But their minds were made hard: for to this very day at the reading of the old agreement the same veil is still unlifted; though it is taken away in Christ.
75 relevance votesIsaiah 6:10
Make the hearts of this people fat, and let their ears be stopped, and their eyes shut; for fear that they may see with their eyes, and be hearing with their ears, and their heart may become wise, and they may be turned to me and made well.
57 relevance votes1 John 5:19
We are certain that we are of God, but all the world is in the power of the Evil One.
47 relevance votes2 Corinthians 4:6
Seeing that it is God who said, Let light be shining out of the dark, who has put in our hearts the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
45 relevance votesEphesians 2:2
In which you were living in the past, after the ways of this present world, doing the pleasure of the lord of the power of the air, the spirit who is now working in those who go against the purpose of God;
38 relevance votesEphesians 6:12
For our fight is not against flesh and blood, but against authorities and powers, against the world-rulers of this dark night, against the spirits of evil in the heavens.
34 relevance votesJohn 12:31
Now is this world to be judged: now will the ruler of this world be sent out.
30 relevance votesJohn 8:12
Then again Jesus said to them, I am the light of the world; he who comes with me will not be walking in the dark but will have the light of life.
25 relevance votesJohn 12:35
Jesus said to them, For a little time longer the light will be among you; while you have the light go on walking in it, so that the dark may not overtake you: one walking in the dark has no knowledge of where he is going.
21 relevance votesJohn 14:30
After this I will not say much to you, because the ruler of this world comes: and he has no power over me;
20 relevance votes