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Bible in Basic English

1 Samuel 8

Bible in Basic English, Verse 1

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¹ Now when Samuel was old, he made his sons judges over Israel.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Samuel 8:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 52

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָקֵ֖ן שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־בָּנָ֛יו שֹׁפְטִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

9 word entries

וַיְהִ֕י

Lemma: c/1961
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1772

כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר

Lemma: k/834 d
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + particle relative
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 496

זָקֵ֖ן

Lemma: 2204
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2204
Occurrences: 26

שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל

Lemma: 8050
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8050
Occurrences: 123

וַיָּ֧שֶׂם

Lemma: c/7760 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7760
Occurrences: 270

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

בָּנָ֛יו

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

שֹׁפְטִ֖ים

Lemma: 8199
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8199
Occurrences: 112

לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Lemma: l/3478
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 50

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἐγήρασε Σαμουὴλ, καὶ κατέστησε τούς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ δικαστὰς τῷ Ἰσραήλ.

13 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐγένετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egeneto
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

ἐγήρασε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐγήρασε
Transliteration: egerase
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Σαμουὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Σαμουήλ
Transliteration: Samouel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Samuel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Samuel.
Occurrences: 145

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

κατέστησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατέστησε
Transliteration: katestese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 19

τούς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τούς
Transliteration: toys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

υἱοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

δικαστὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δικαστὰς
Transliteration: dikastas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰσραήλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܗܘܐ ܕܟܕ ܣܐܒ ܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܥܒܕ ܠܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ ܕܝܢ̈ܐ ܥܠ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

9 word entries

ܘܗܘܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܗܘܐ
Transliteration: whw'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 367

ܕܟܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܟܕ
Transliteration: dkd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 109

ܣܐܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܐܒ
Transliteration: s'b
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 10

ܫܡܘܐܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܡܘܐܝܠ
Transliteration: shmw'yl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 90

ܥܒܕ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܥܒܕ
Transliteration: abad
Morphology: verb root/form
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 334

ܠܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܢܘܗܝ
Transliteration: lbnwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 36

ܕܝܢ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܢܐ
Transliteration: dyn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 177

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysryl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 809

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַהֲוָה כַּד סִיב שְׁמוּאֵל וּמַנִי יַת בְּנוֹהִי דַיָנִין עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

10 word entries

וַהֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: whwh
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root הוה
Gloss: and was, became, happened
Occurrences: 1114

כַּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כד
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 581

סִיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיב
Transliteration: syb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 19

שְׁמוּאֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמואל
Transliteration: shmw'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 144

וּמַנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מני
Transliteration: wmny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 268

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

בְּנוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נוהי
Transliteration: bnwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 52

דַיָנִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ינין
Transliteration: dynyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 30

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Factum est autem cum senuisset Samuel, posuit filios suos judices Israël.

11 word entries

factum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: factum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

senuisset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: seneo
Transliteration: senuisset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2

Samuhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Samuel
Transliteration: Samuhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 145

posuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pono
Transliteration: posuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 894

filios

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filios
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

suos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

iudices

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iudex
Transliteration: iudices
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 101

Israhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Israel
Transliteration: Israhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2547

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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1 Samuel 8

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Ranked cross references

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Nehemiah 7:2

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