3 The sons of Reuben, the oldest son of Israel: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Chronicles 5:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
45
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
בְּנֵ֥י רְאוּבֵ֖ן בְּכ֣וֹר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֲנ֥וֹךְ וּפַלּ֖וּא חֶצְר֥וֹן וְכַרְמִֽי׃
8 word entries
בְּנֵ֥י
בְּכ֣וֹר
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
וּפַלּ֖וּא
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Υἱοὶ Ῥουβὴν πρωτοτόκου Ἰσραὴλ, Ἐνὼχ, καὶ Φαλλοὺς, Ἀσρὼμ, καὶ Χαρμί.
10 word entries
Υἱοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
Ῥουβὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ῥουβήν
- Transliteration
- Rhouben
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Reuben
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Reuben.
- Occurrences
- 86
πρωτοτόκου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πρωτοτόκου
- Transliteration
- prototokoy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 18
Ἰσραὴλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἰσραήλ
- Transliteration
- Israel
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Israel
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
- Occurrences
- 2695
Ἐνὼχ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἐνὼχ
- Transliteration
- enoch
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἐνὼχ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Φαλλοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- φαλλοὺς
- Transliteration
- phalloys
- Morphology
- nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
Ἀσρὼμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Ἀσρὼμ
- Transliteration
- asrom
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀσρὼμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Χαρμί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χαρμί
- Transliteration
- charmi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܢܘ̈ܗܝ ܕܪܘܒܝܠ ܒܘܟܪܗ ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܚܢܘܟ ܘܦܠܘ ܘܚܨܪܘܢ ܘܟܪܡܝ
8 word entries
ܒܢܘ̈ܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- bnwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 145
ܕܪܘܒܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܪܘܒܝܠ
- Transliteration
- drwbyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܒܘܟܪܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܘܟܪܗ
- Transliteration
- bwkrh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 34
ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ
- Transliteration
- d'ysryl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 669
ܚܢܘܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܢܘܟ
- Transliteration
- hnwk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܦܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܦܠܘ
- Transliteration
- wplw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܚܨܪܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܨܪܘܢ
- Transliteration
- whsrwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܟܪܡܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܪܡܝ
- Transliteration
- wkrmy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן בּוּכְרָא דְיִשְרָאֵל חֲנוֹךְ וּפַלוּא חֶצְרוֹן וְכַרְמִי׃
8 word entries
בְּנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- bny
- Morphology
- noun plural construct
- Gloss
- sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 2734
רְאוּבֵן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ראובן
- Transliteration
- r'wbn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 50
בּוּכְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וכרא
- Transliteration
- bwkr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 31
דְיִשְרָאֵל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ישראל
- Transliteration
- dyshr'l
- Morphology
- prefixed relative/genitive ד + proper noun
- Gloss
- of/that Israel
- Occurrences
- 2312
חֲנוֹךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חנוך
- Transliteration
- chnwk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
וּפַלוּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פלוא
- Transliteration
- wplw'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
חֶצְרוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חצרון
- Transliteration
- chtsrwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 14
וְכַרְמִי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כרמי
- Transliteration
- wkrmy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Filii ergo Ruben primogeniti Israël: Enoch, et Phallu, Esron, et Carmi.
11 word entries
filii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
ergo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ergo
- Transliteration
- ergo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1237
Ruben
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Rubes
- Transliteration
- Ruben
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 20
primogeniti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- primogenitus
- Transliteration
- primogeniti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 136
Israhel
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Israel
- Transliteration
- Israhel
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2547
Enoch
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Henoch
- Transliteration
- Enoch
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 20
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Phallu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Phallus
- Transliteration
- Phallu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 5
Esrom
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Esron
- Transliteration
- Esrom
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 19
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Charmi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Charmis
- Transliteration
- Charmi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 4
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Genesis 46:9
And the sons of Reuben: Hanoch and Pallu and Hezron and Carmi;
8 relevance votesExodus 6:14
These are the heads of their fathers' families: the sons of Reuben the oldest son of Israel: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi: these are the families of Reuben.
6 relevance votes