18 and knowest his will, and approvest the things that are excellent, being instructed out of the law,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 2:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
43
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καὶ γινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα, καὶ δοκιμάζεις τὰ διαφέροντα, κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου,
12 word entries
καὶ
γινώσκεις
τὸ
θέλημα
καὶ
δοκιμάζεις
- Lemma
- dokimazeiv
- Transliteration
- dokimazeiv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1381
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰ
διαφέροντα
- Lemma
- diaferonta
- Transliteration
- diaferonta
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle accusative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1308
- Occurrences
- 2
κατηχούμενος
- Lemma
- kathcoumenov
- Transliteration
- kathcoumenov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present passive participle nominative singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2727
- Occurrences
- 2
ἐκ
τοῦ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
καὶ γινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα καὶ δοκιμάζεις τὰ διαφέροντα κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου,
12 word entries
καὶ
τὸ
καὶ
τὰ
τοῦ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܕܝܕܥ ܐܢܬ ܨܒܝܢܗ ܘܦܪܫ ܐܢܬ ܘܠܝܬܐ ܕܝܠܝܦ ܐܢܬ ܡܢ ܢܡܘܣܐ
10 word entries
ܕܝܕܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܕܥ
- Transliteration
- dyd'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 20
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬ
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, second singular
- Gloss
- you
- Occurrences
- 491
ܨܒܝܢܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܒܝܢܗ
- Transliteration
- sbynh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 35
ܘܦܪܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܦܪܫ
- Transliteration
- wprsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬ
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, second singular
- Gloss
- you
- Occurrences
- 491
ܘܠܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wlyt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܝܠܝܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܝܦ
- Transliteration
- dylyp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬ
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, second singular
- Gloss
- you
- Occurrences
- 491
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- nmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 114
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et nosti voluntatem ejus, et probas utiliora, instructus per legem,
9 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
nosti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nosco
- Transliteration
- nosti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 196
voluntatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uoluntas
- Transliteration
- voluntatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 170
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
probas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- probo
- Transliteration
- probas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 107
utiliora
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- utilis
- Transliteration
- utiliora
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 35
instructus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- instruo
- Transliteration
- instructus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 25
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
legem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- legem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Thessalonians 5:21
prove all things; hold fast that which is good;
5 relevance votesJames 4:17
To him therefore that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.
4 relevance votesPhilippians 1:10
so that ye may approve the things that are excellent; that ye may be sincere and void of offence unto the day of Christ;
3 relevance votesDeuteronomy 4:8
And what great nation is there, that hath statutes and ordinances so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day?
3 relevance votesPsalms 119:130
The opening of thy words giveth light; It giveth understanding unto the simple.
2 relevance votesRomans 15:4
For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that through patience and through comfort of the scriptures we might have hope.
2 relevance votesHebrews 5:14
But solid food is for fullgrown men, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern good and evil.
2 relevance votesPsalms 19:8
The precepts of Jehovah are right, rejoicing the heart: The commandment of Jehovah is pure, enlightening the eyes.
2 relevance votesJohn 13:17
If ye know these things, blessed are ye if ye do them.
2 relevance votesLuke 12:47
And that servant, who knew his lord’s will, and made not ready, nor did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes ;
2 relevance votesProverbs 6:23
For the commandment is a lamp; and the law is light; And reproofs of instruction are the way of life:
2 relevance votes