23 and changed the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
67
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν.
18 word entries
καὶ
ἤλλαξαν
τὴν
δόξαν
τοῦ
ἀφθάρτου
Θεοῦ
ἐν
ὁμοιώματι
εἰκόνος
φθαρτοῦ
ἀνθρώπου
καὶ
πετεινῶν
καὶ
τετραπόδων
- Lemma
- tetrapodwn
- Transliteration
- tetrapodwn
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective genitive plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G5074
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν.
18 word entries
καὶ
τὴν
τοῦ
θεοῦ
ἐν
καὶ
καὶ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܚܠܦܘ ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܬܚܒܠ ܒܕܡܘܬܐ ܕܨܠܡܐ ܕܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܡܬܚܒܠ ܘܒܕܡܘܬܐ ܕܦܪܚܬܐ ܘܕܐܪܒܥܬ ܪܓܠܝܗ ܘܕܪܚܫܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ
15 word entries
ܘܚܠܦܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܠܦܘ
- Transliteration
- whlpw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ
- Transliteration
- tshbwhth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܡܬܚܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܚܒܠ
- Transliteration
- mthbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bdmwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 19
ܕܨܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܨܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dslm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܒܪܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܪܢܫܐ
- Transliteration
- dbrnsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܕܡܬܚܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܬܚܒܠ
- Transliteration
- dmthbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wbdmwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܦܪܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܦܪܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dprht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܕܐܪܒܥܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܐܪܒܥܬ
- Transliteration
- wd'rb't
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܪܓܠܝܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܓܠܝܗ
- Transliteration
- rglyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܕܪܚܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܪܚܫܐ
- Transliteration
- wdrhsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 52
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et mutaverunt gloriam incorruptibilis Dei in similitudinem imaginis corruptibilis hominis, et volucrum, et quadrupedum, et serpentium.
16 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
mutaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- muto
- Transliteration
- mutaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 57
gloriam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gloria
- Transliteration
- gloriam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 475
incorruptibilis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- incorruptibilis
- Transliteration
- incorruptibilis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 3
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
similitudinem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- similitudo
- Transliteration
- similitudinem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 84
imaginis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- imago
- Transliteration
- imaginis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 51
corruptibilis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- corruptibilis
- Transliteration
- corruptibilis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 9
hominis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- homo
- Transliteration
- hominis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1653
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
volucrum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uolucris
- Transliteration
- volucrum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 47
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
quadrupedum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quadrupes
- Transliteration
- quadrupedum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
serpentium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- serpens
- Transliteration
- serpentium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 106:20
Thus they changed their glory For the likeness of an ox that eateth grass.
19 relevance votesJeremiah 2:11
Hath a nation changed its gods, which yet are no gods? but my people have changed their glory for that which doth not profit.
11 relevance votesActs 17:29
Being then the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and device of man.
10 relevance votes1 Peter 4:3
For the time past may suffice to have wrought the desire of the Gentiles, and to have walked in lasciviousness, lusts, winebibbings, revellings, carousings, and abominable idolatries:
9 relevance votesRomans 1:25
for that they exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.
8 relevance votesDeuteronomy 5:8
Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:
7 relevance votesEzekiel 8:10
So I went in and saw; and behold, every form of creeping things, and abominable beasts, and all the idols of the house of Israel, portrayed upon the wall round about.
7 relevance votesIsaiah 44:13
The carpenter stretcheth out a line; he marketh it out with a pencil; he shapeth it with planes, and he marketh it out with the compasses, and shapeth it after the figure of a man, according to the beauty of a man, to dwell in a house.
5 relevance votesIsaiah 40:18
To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare unto him?
5 relevance votes1 Corinthians 12:2
Ye know that when ye were Gentiles ye were led away unto those dumb idols, howsoever ye might be led.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 40:26
Lift up your eyes on high, and see who hath created these, that bringeth out their host by number; he calleth them all by name; by the greatness of his might, and for that he is strong in power, not one is lacking.
4 relevance votesRevelation 9:20
And the rest of mankind, who were not killed with these plagues, repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and the idols of gold, and of silver, and of brass, and of stone, and of wood; which can neither see, nor hear, nor walk:
3 relevance votes