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American Standard Version

Psalms 88

American Standard Version, Verse 10

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¹⁰ Wilt thou show wonders to the dead? Shall they that are deceased arise and praise thee? [Selah

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 88:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 58

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

עֵינִ֥י דָאֲבָ֗ה מִנִּ֫י עֹ֥נִי קְרָאתִ֣יךָ יְהוָ֣ה בְּכָל־י֑וֹם שִׁטַּ֖חְתִּי אֵלֶ֣יךָ כַפָּֽי׃

11 word entries

עֵינִ֥י

Lemma: 5869 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5869
Occurrences: 350

דָאֲבָ֗ה

Lemma: 1669
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1669
Occurrences: 2

מִנִּ֫י

Lemma: 4480 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4480
Occurrences: 1059

עֹ֥נִי

Lemma: 6040
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6040
Occurrences: 26

קְרָאתִ֣יךָ

Lemma: 7121
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

יְהוָ֣ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

בְּכָל

Lemma: b/3605
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 453

י֑וֹם

Lemma: 3117
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 731

שִׁטַּ֖חְתִּי

Lemma: 7849
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7849
Occurrences: 3

אֵלֶ֣יךָ

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

כַפָּֽי

Lemma: 3709
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine dual construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3709
Occurrences: 120

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Σὺ δεσπόζεις τοῦ κράτους τῆς θαλάσσης, τὸν δὲ σάλον τῶν κυμάτων αὐτῆς σὺ καταπραΰνεις.

14 word entries

Σὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

δεσπόζεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δεσπόζεις
Transliteration: despozeis
Morphology: Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κράτους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κράτους
Transliteration: kratoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

θαλάσσης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θάλασσα
Transliteration: thalassa
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: sea
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sea, lake, or large body of water.
Occurrences: 375

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

σάλον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σάλον
Transliteration: salon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κυμάτων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κυμάτων
Transliteration: kymaton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

σὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

καταπραΰνεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: καταπραΰνεις
Transliteration: kataprayneis
Morphology: Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܥܝܢܝ ܕܒܬ ܡܢ ܡܘܟܟܝ ܘܩܪܝܬܟ ܡܪܝܐ ܒܟܠܝܘܡ ܘܦܫܛܬ ܐܝ̈ܕܝ ܠܘܬܟ

10 word entries

ܘܥܝܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܝܢܝ
Transliteration: w'yny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܕܒܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܒܬ
Transliteration: dbt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܡܘܟܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܘܟܟܝ
Transliteration: mwkky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܘܩܪܝܬܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܩܪܝܬܟ
Transliteration: wqrytk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܒܟܠܝܘܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܟܠܝܘܡ
Transliteration: bklywm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 7

ܘܦܫܛܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܦܫܛܬ
Transliteration: wpshtt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܐܝ̈ܕܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܕܝ
Transliteration: 'ydy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 87

ܠܘܬܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܬܟ
Transliteration: lwtk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 81

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

עֵינִי זַלְגַת דִמְעִין מִן עֲנִיתָא קְרִיתָךְ יְיָ בְּכָל יוֹמָא פַּרְסֵית לְוָתָךְ בִּצְלוֹ יְדָי׃

13 word entries

עֵינִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיני
Transliteration: 'yny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 157

זַלְגַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זלגת
Transliteration: zlgt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

דִמְעִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מעין
Transliteration: dm'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

עֲנִיתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עניתא
Transliteration: 'nyt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

קְרִיתָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קריתך
Transliteration: qrytk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

בְּכָל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בכל
Transliteration: bkl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 382

יוֹמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יום
Transliteration: ywm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: day
Occurrences: 899

פַּרְסֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פרסית
Transliteration: prsyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

לְוָתָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ותך
Transliteration: lwtk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 68

בִּצְלוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צלו
Transliteration: btslw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 50

יְדָי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידי
Transliteration: ydy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 126

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Tu dominaris potestati maris; motum autem fluctuum ejus tu mitigas.

10 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: tu
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

dominaris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominor
Transliteration: dominaris
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 90

potestatis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: potestas
Transliteration: potestatis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 201

maris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mare
Transliteration: maris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 490

motum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: motus
Transliteration: motum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 7

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

fluctuum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fluctus
Transliteration: fluctuum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 34

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: tu
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

mitigas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitigo
Transliteration: mitigas
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 8

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 88

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