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American Standard Version

Judges 3

American Standard Version, Verse 2

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² only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as beforetime knew nothing thereof:

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Judges 3:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 67

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

רַ֗ק לְמַ֙עַן֙ דַּ֚עַת דֹּר֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְלַמְּדָ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה רַ֥ק אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנִ֖ים לֹ֥א יְדָעֽוּם׃

13 word entries

רַ֗ק

Lemma: 7535
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7535
Occurrences: 106

לְמַ֨עַן֙

Lemma: 4616
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4616
Occurrences: 254

דַּ֚עַת

Lemma: 1847
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1847
Occurrences: 52

דֹּר֣וֹת

Lemma: 1755
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1755
Occurrences: 50

בְּנֵֽי

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

לְלַמְּדָ֖ם

Lemma: l/3925
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb piel infinitive construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3925
Occurrences: 6

מִלְחָמָ֑ה

Lemma: 4421
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4421
Occurrences: 118

רַ֥ק

Lemma: 7535
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7535
Occurrences: 106

אֲשֶׁר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

לְפָנִ֖ים

Lemma: l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 1012

לֹ֥א

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

יְדָעֽוּם

Lemma: 3045
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3045
Occurrences: 637

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Πλὴν διὰ τὰς γενεὰς υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ διδάξαι αὐτοὺς πόλεμον, πλὴν οἱ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔγνωσαν αὐτά.

17 word entries

Πλὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πλήν
Transliteration: plen
Morphology: particle/preposition
Gloss: except, nevertheless
Part of Speech: particle/preposition
Definition: Exceptive or adversative particle/preposition.
Occurrences: 229

διὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διά
Transliteration: dia
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: through, because of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of διά.
Occurrences: 881

τὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γενεὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γενεά
Transliteration: geneas
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative plural or genitive singular
Gloss: generations
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Generation, family line, or age.
Occurrences: 60

υἱῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

διδάξαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διδάξαι
Transliteration: didaxai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

πόλεμον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πόλεμος
Transliteration: polemos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: war
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: War, battle, or conflict.
Occurrences: 323

πλὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πλήν
Transliteration: plen
Morphology: particle/preposition
Gloss: except, nevertheless
Part of Speech: particle/preposition
Definition: Exceptive or adversative particle/preposition.
Occurrences: 229

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἔμπροσθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔμπροσθεν
Transliteration: emprosthen
Morphology: adverb/preposition
Gloss: before, in front of
Part of Speech: adverb/preposition
Definition: Before, in front of, or in the presence of.
Occurrences: 128

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔγνωσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γινώσκω
Transliteration: egnosan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they knew
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To know, recognize, perceive, or understand.
Occurrences: 284

αὐτά

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܠܚܘܕ ܡܛܠ ܕܢܕܥܘܢ ܕܪ̈ܐ ܕܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܕܢܐܠܦܘܢ ܩܪܒܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܩܕܡ̈ܝܐ ܠܐ ܐܝܕܥܘ

12 word entries

ܒܠܚܘܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BLXWD
Morphology: B-LXWD/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MVL
Morphology: MVL
Occurrences: 0

ܕܢܕܥܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DND<WN
Morphology: D-!N!(JD<[WN
Occurrences: 0

ܕܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DR">
Morphology: DR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܒܢ̈ܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DBN"J
Morphology: D-BN/J
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JSRJL
Morphology: >JSRJL/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܢܐܠܦܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DN>LPWN
Morphology: D-!N!(J&>LP[WN
Occurrences: 0

ܩܪܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QRB>
Morphology: QRB=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܒܠܚܘܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BLXWD
Morphology: B-LXWD/
Occurrences: 0

ܩܕܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QDM"J>
Morphology: QDMJ/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܕܥܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JD<W
Morphology: &>JD<[W
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

לְחוֹד בְּדִיל דְיֵדְעוּן דָרַיָא דִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לַאֲלָפוּתְהוֹן קְרָבָא לְחוֹד דְמִלְקַדְמִין לָא הֲווֹ יָדְעִין׃

13 word entries

לְחוֹד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חוד
Transliteration: lchwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 149

בְּדִיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיל
Transliteration: bdyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 238

דְיֵדְעוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידעון
Transliteration: dyd'wn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 77

דָרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ריא
Transliteration: dry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 19

דִבְנֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: dbny
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun plural construct
Gloss: of/that sons, children of
Occurrences: 2734

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

לַאֲלָפוּתְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלפותהון
Transliteration: l'lpwthwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

קְרָבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרבא
Transliteration: qrb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 469

לְחוֹד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חוד
Transliteration: lchwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 149

דְמִלְקַדְמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלקדמין
Transliteration: dmlqdmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 21

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

הֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 399

יָדְעִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידעין
Transliteration: yd'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 48

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

ut postea discerent filii eorum certare cum hostibus, et habere consuetudinem præliandi:

12 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

postea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: postea
Transliteration: postea
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 68

discerent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: disco
Transliteration: discerent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 91

filii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

eorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

certare

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: certo
Transliteration: certare
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 10

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

hostibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hostis
Transliteration: hostibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 125

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

habere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: habeo
Transliteration: habere
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1641

consuetudinem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consuetudo
Transliteration: consuetudinem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 32

proeliandi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: proelior
Transliteration: proeliandi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 35

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Judges 3

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

2 Timothy 2:3

John 16:33

Genesis 3:7

1 Timothy 6:12

Genesis 2:17

Genesis 3:5

2 Chronicles 12:8

2 Timothy 4:7