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Jump to a verse in Isaiah 40

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American Standard Version

Isaiah 40

American Standard Version, Verse 3

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³ The voice of one that crieth, Prepare ye in the wilderness the way of Jehovah; make level in the desert a highway for our God.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 40:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

ק֣וֹל קוֹרֵ֔א בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה יַשְּׁרוּ֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃

10 word entries

ק֣וֹל

Lemma: 6963 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6963
Occurrences: 260

קוֹרֵ֔א

Lemma: 7121
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר

Lemma: b/4057 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4057
Occurrences: 141

פַּנּ֖וּ

Lemma: 6437
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6437
Occurrences: 70

דֶּ֣רֶךְ

Lemma: 1870
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1870
Occurrences: 375

יְהוָ֑ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

יַשְּׁרוּ֙

Lemma: 3474
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3474
Occurrences: 20

בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה

Lemma: b/6160
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6160
Occurrences: 26

מְסִלָּ֖ה

Lemma: 4546
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4546
Occurrences: 8

לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ

Lemma: l/430
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H430
Occurrences: 124

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου, εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν.

16 word entries

Φωνὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: φωνή
Transliteration: phone
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: voice, sound
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Voice, sound, or utterance.
Occurrences: 549

βοῶντος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: βοῶντος
Transliteration: boontos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐρήμῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔρημος
Transliteration: eremo
Morphology: adjective/substantive, dative feminine singular
Gloss: wilderness, desert
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Deserted, desolate; wilderness as a substantive.
Occurrences: 327

ἑτοιμάσατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἑτοιμάσατε
Transliteration: etoimasate
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὁδὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁδός
Transliteration: hodon
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: way, road, path
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Way, road, path, journey, or manner of life.
Occurrences: 701

Κυρίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

εὐθείας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: εὐθείας
Transliteration: eytheias
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ποιεῖτε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποιεῖτε
Transliteration: poieite
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 17

τὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

τρίβους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τρίβους
Transliteration: triboys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theou
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss: of God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܩܠܐ ܕܩ̇ܪܐ ܒܡܕܒܪܐ ܦܢܘ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܠܡܪܝܐ ܘܬܪܘܨܘ ܒܦܩܥܬܐ ܫܒ̈ܝܠܐ ܠܐܠܗܢ

10 word entries

ܩܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܠܐ
Transliteration: ql'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 134

ܕܩ̇ܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܩܪܐ
Transliteration: dqr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 23

ܒܡܕܒܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܡܕܒܪܐ
Transliteration: bmdbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 94

ܦܢܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܢܘ
Transliteration: pnw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܐܘܪܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܪܚܐ
Transliteration: 'wrh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 134

ܠܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: lmry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 501

ܘܬܪܘܨܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܬܪܘܨܘ
Transliteration: wtrwsw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܒܦܩܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܦܩܥܬܐ
Transliteration: bpq't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 31

ܫܒ̈ܝܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܒܝܠܐ
Transliteration: shbyl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 33

ܠܐܠܗܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܐܠܗܢ
Transliteration: l'lhn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 9

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

קַל דְמַכְלֵי בְּמַדְבְּרָא פַּנוּ אוֹרַח מִן קֳדָם עַמָא דַייָ כְּבִישָׁא בְּמֵישְׁרָא כִּבְשִׁין קֳדָם כְּנִשְׁתָּא דֶאֱלָהָנָא׃

15 word entries

קַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קל
Transliteration: ql
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 120

דְמַכְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מכלי
Transliteration: dmkly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

בְּמַדְבְּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מדברא
Transliteration: bmdbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 141

פַּנוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פנו
Transliteration: pnw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

אוֹרַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אורח
Transliteration: 'wrch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 182

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

עַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 1754

דַייָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

כְּבִישָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בישא
Transliteration: kbysh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 18

בְּמֵישְׁרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מישרא
Transliteration: bmyshr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 33

כִּבְשִׁין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בשין
Transliteration: kbshyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

כְּנִשְׁתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נשתא
Transliteration: knsht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 169

דֶאֱלָהָנָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלהנא
Transliteration: d'lhn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 111

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Vox clamantis in deserto: Parate viam Domini, rectas facite in solitudine semitas Dei nostri.

14 word entries

vox

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uox
Transliteration: vox
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 583

clamantis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: clamo
Transliteration: clamantis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 305

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

deserto

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: desertum
Transliteration: deserto
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 196

parate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: paro
Transliteration: parate
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 152

viam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uia
Transliteration: viam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 853

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

rectas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rectus
Transliteration: rectas
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 112

facite

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: facite
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

solitudine

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: solitudo
Transliteration: solitudine
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 148

semitas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: semita
Transliteration: semitas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 84

Dei

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deus
Transliteration: Dei
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity
Etymology: Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences: 4889

nostri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostri
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 40

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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John 1:23

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Psalms 68:4