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American Standard Version

Isaiah 23

American Standard Version, Verse 7

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⁷ Is this your joyous city , whose antiquity is of ancient days, whose feet carried her afar off to sojourn?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 23:7. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 70

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֲזֹ֥את לָכֶ֖ם עַלִּיזָ֑ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֤דֶם קַדְמָתָהּ֙ יֹבִל֣וּהָ רַגְלֶ֔יהָ מֵֽרָח֖וֹק לָגֽוּר׃

10 word entries

הֲזֹ֥את

Lemma: i/2063
Morphology: Hebrew: particle + pronoun
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2063
Occurrences: 5

לָכֶ֖ם

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

עַלִּיזָ֑ה

Lemma: 5947
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H5947
Occurrences: 6

מִֽימֵי

Lemma: m/3117
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 57

קֶ֤דֶם

Lemma: 6924 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6924
Occurrences: 33

קַדְמָתָהּ֙

Lemma: 6927
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6927
Occurrences: 1

יֹבִל֣וּהָ

Lemma: 2986
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2986
Occurrences: 18

רַגְלֶ֔יהָ

Lemma: 7272
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine dual construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7272
Occurrences: 182

מֵֽרָח֖וֹק

Lemma: m/7350
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7350
Occurrences: 33

לָגֽוּר

Lemma: l/1481 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1481
Occurrences: 18

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οὐχ αὕτη ἦν ὑμῶν ἡ ὕβρις ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς, πρινὴ παραδοθῆναι αὐτήν;

11 word entries

Οὐχ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

αὕτη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ἦν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: en
Morphology: verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it was
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ὑμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὕβρις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ὕβρις
Transliteration: ybris
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ὕβρις
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

ἀπʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: ap
Morphology: preposition with genitive, elided form
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

ἀρχῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀρχή
Transliteration: arches
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss: of beginning, rule
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Beginning, origin, ruler, or authority.
Strong's: G746
Occurrences: 79

πρινὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πρινὴ
Transliteration: prine
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

παραδοθῆναι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: παραδοθῆναι
Transliteration: paradothenai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτήν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܕܐ ܗܝ ܠܟܘܢ ܥܫܝܢܬܐ ܕܡܢ ܝܘܡ̈ܬܐ ܩܕܡ̈ܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܗ̇ ܢܐ̈ܙܠܢ ܪ̈ܓܠܝܗ̇ ܕܬܥܡܪ ܒܪܘܚܩܐ

12 word entries

ܗܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܕܐ
Transliteration: hd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 446

ܗܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܝ
Transliteration: hi
Morphology: pronoun/copula, feminine singular
Gloss: she, it, is
Occurrences: 578

ܠܟܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܟܘܢ
Transliteration: lkwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 307

ܥܫܝܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܫܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: 'shynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 48

ܕܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܢ
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 417

ܝܘܡ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܡܬܐ
Transliteration: ywmt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 227

ܩܕܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡܝܐ
Transliteration: qdmy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 116

ܩܕܡܝܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡܝܗ
Transliteration: qdmyh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 8

ܢܐ̈ܙܠܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܐܙܠܢ
Transliteration: n'zln
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܪ̈ܓܠܝܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܓܠܝܗ
Transliteration: rglyh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܕܬܥܡܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܬܥܡܪ
Transliteration: dt'mr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܒܪܘܚܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܘܚܩܐ
Transliteration: brwhq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 6

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הֲהָדָא לְכוֹן תַּקִיפְתָּא צוֹר מִיוֹמֵי קֶדֶם מִלְקָדְמִין הֲווֹ מַיְתָן לָהּ תַּקְרוּבְתָּא מֵאֲרַע רְחִיקָא כְדוֹ לְאִתּוֹתָבָא הָא גַלְיָא׃

17 word entries

הֲהָדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ההדא
Transliteration: hhd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

לְכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כון
Transliteration: lkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 384

תַּקִיפְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקיפתא
Transliteration: tqypt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

צוֹר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צור
Transliteration: tswr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 49

מִיוֹמֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יומי
Transliteration: mywmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 214

קֶדֶם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

מִלְקָדְמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לקדמין
Transliteration: mlqdmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 37

הֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 399

מַיְתָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתן
Transliteration: mytn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 67

לָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לה
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 260

תַּקְרוּבְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקרובתא
Transliteration: tqrwbt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 20

מֵאֲרַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: m'r'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1735

רְחִיקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחיקא
Transliteration: rchyq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

כְדוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כדו
Transliteration: kdw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 20

לְאִתּוֹתָבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתותבא
Transliteration: l'twtb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

הָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הא
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 704

גַלְיָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גליא
Transliteration: gly'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Numquid non vestra hæc est, quæ gloriabatur a diebus pristinis in antiquitate sua? Ducent eam pedes sui longe ad peregrinandum.

20 word entries

numquid

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: numquid
Transliteration: numquid
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 408

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

haec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: haec
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

vestra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uester
Transliteration: vestra
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1504

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

gloriabatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: glorior
Transliteration: gloriabatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 96

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

diebus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dies
Transliteration: diebus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2559

pristinis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pristinus
Transliteration: pristinis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 21

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

antiquitate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: antiquitas
Transliteration: antiquitate
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 4

sua

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sua
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

ducent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: duco
Transliteration: ducent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 271

eam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

pedes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pes
Transliteration: pedes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 362

sui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

longe

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: longe
Transliteration: longe
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 118

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

peregrinandum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: peregrinor
Transliteration: peregrinandum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 33

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 23

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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Ecclesiastes 10:7

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