3 Reuben, thou art my first-born, my might, and the beginning of my strength; The pre-eminence of dignity, and the pre-eminence of power.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 49:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
65
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣רִי אַ֔תָּה כֹּחִ֖י וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית אוֹנִ֑י יֶ֥תֶר שְׂאֵ֖ת וְיֶ֥תֶר עָֽז׃
10 word entries
בְּכֹ֣רִי
כֹּחִ֖י
וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית
אוֹנִ֑י
יֶ֥תֶר
שְׂאֵ֖ת
וְיֶ֥תֶר
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ῥουβὴν πρωτότοκός μου, σὺ ἰσχύς μου, καὶ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου, σκληρὸς φέρεσθαι, καὶ σκληρὸς αὐθάδης.
15 word entries
Ῥουβὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ῥουβήν
- Transliteration
- Rhouben
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Reuben
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Reuben.
- Occurrences
- 86
πρωτότοκός
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πρωτότοκός
- Transliteration
- prototokos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
μου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
σὺ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σύ
- Transliteration
- sy
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative second-person singular
- Gloss
- you
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Second-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 12950
ἰσχύς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἰσχύς
- Transliteration
- ischys
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἰσχύς
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 27
μου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀρχὴ
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- ἀρχὴ
- Transliteration
- arche
- Morphology
- noun
- Gloss
- beginning
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Beginning, origin, ruler, or authority.
- Strong's
- G746
- Occurrences
- 51
τέκνων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τέκνον
- Transliteration
- teknon
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- child
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Child, offspring, or descendant.
- Occurrences
- 232
μου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
σκληρὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σκληρὸς
- Transliteration
- skleros
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
φέρεσθαι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φέρεσθαι
- Transliteration
- pheresthai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
σκληρὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σκληρὸς
- Transliteration
- skleros
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
αὐθάδης
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- αὐθάδης
- Transliteration
- aythades
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
רְאוּבֵן בּוּכְרִי אַתְּ חֵילִי וְרֵישׁ תָּקְפִּי לָךְ הֲוָה חָזֵי לְמִסַּב תְּלָתָא חוּלָקִין בְּכֵירוּתָא כְּהֻנְתָּא וּמַלְכוּתָא
15 word entries
רְאוּבֵן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ראובן
- Transliteration
- r'wbn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 45
בּוּכְרִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וכרי
- Transliteration
- bwkry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
אַתְּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- את
- Transliteration
- 't
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 163
חֵילִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חילי
- Transliteration
- chyly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
וְרֵישׁ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ריש
- Transliteration
- wrysh
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular
- Gloss
- and head, chief, beginning
- Occurrences
- 128
תָּקְפִּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תקפי
- Transliteration
- tqpy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
לָךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לך
- Transliteration
- lk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 326
הֲוָה
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- הוה
- Transliteration
- hwh
- Morphology
- verbal root הוה
- Gloss
- was, became, happened
- Occurrences
- 292
חָזֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- חזי
- Transliteration
- chzy
- Morphology
- verbal root חזי
- Gloss
- saw, looked
- Occurrences
- 44
לְמִסַּב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מסב
- Transliteration
- lmsb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 7
תְּלָתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תלתא
- Transliteration
- tlt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 77
חוּלָקִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חולקין
- Transliteration
- chwlqyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
בְּכֵירוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כירותא
- Transliteration
- bkyrwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
כְּהֻנְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הנתא
- Transliteration
- khnt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
וּמַלְכוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מלכותא
- Transliteration
- wmlkwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܪܘܒܝܠ ܒܘܟܪܝ ܐܢܬ. ܚܝܠܝ ܘܪܝܫ ܬܘܩܦܝ. ܫܪܟܐ ܕܫܩܘܠܬܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕܥܘܫܢܐ.
10 word entries
ܪܘܒܝܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- RWBJL
- Morphology
- RWBJL/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܘܟܪܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BWKRJ
- Morphology
- BWKR/-J
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >NT
- Morphology
- >NT
- Occurrences
- 0
ܚܝܠܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XJLJ
- Morphology
- XJL/-J
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܪܝܫ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WRJC
- Morphology
- W-RJC/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܬܘܩܦܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- TWQPJ
- Morphology
- TWQP/-J
- Occurrences
- 0
ܫܪܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- CRK>
- Morphology
- CRK/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܫܩܘܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DCQWLT>
- Morphology
- D-CQWL(>/T~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܫܪܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WCRK>
- Morphology
- W-CRK/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܥܘܫܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D<WCN>
- Morphology
- D-<WCN/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Ruben, primogenitus meus, tu fortitudo mea, et principium doloris mei; prior in donis, major in imperio.
15 word entries
Ruben
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Ruben
- Transliteration
- Ruben
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 54
primogenitus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- primogenitus
- Transliteration
- primogenitus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 136
meus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- meus
- Transliteration
- meus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4586
tu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tu
- Transliteration
- tu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4602
fortitudo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fortitudo
- Transliteration
- fortitudo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 193
mea
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- meus
- Transliteration
- mea
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4586
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
principium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- principium
- Transliteration
- principium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- beginning
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- beginning, origin, foundation, principle
- Etymology
- From Latin princeps/principium language of firstness, beginning, or foundation.
- Occurrences
- 65
doloris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dolor
- Transliteration
- doloris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 119
mei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- mei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
prior
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prior
- Transliteration
- prior
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 96
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
donis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- donum
- Transliteration
- donis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 61
maior
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- magnus
- Transliteration
- maior
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1017
imperio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- imperium
- Transliteration
- imperio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 78:51
And smote all the first-born in Egypt, The chief of their strength in the tents of Ham.
6 relevance votesDeuteronomy 21:17
but he shall acknowledge the first-born, the son of the hated, by giving him a double portion of all that he hath; for he is the beginning of his strength; the right of the first-born is his.
6 relevance votesGenesis 29:32
And Leah conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Reuben: for she said, Because Jehovah hath looked upon my affliction; for now my husband will love me.
5 relevance votesPsalms 105:36
He smote also all the first-born in their land, The chief of all their strength.
5 relevance votes1 Chronicles 5:3
the sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
3 relevance votesNumbers 1:20
And the children of Reuben, Israel’s first-born, their generations, by their families, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
3 relevance votes1 Chronicles 2:1
These are the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun,
3 relevance votes1 Chronicles 5:1
And the sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel (for he was the first-born; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father’s couch, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel; and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright.
3 relevance votesGenesis 48:18
And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father; for this is the first-born; put thy right hand upon his head.
3 relevance votesGenesis 46:8
And these are the names of the children of Israel, who came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob’s first-born.
2 relevance votesNumbers 26:5
Reuben, the first-born of Israel; the sons of Reuben: of Hanoch, the family of the Hanochites; of Pallu, the family of the Palluites;
2 relevance votes