4 And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and no man did put on him his ornaments.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 33:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
63
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע הָעָ֗ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הָרָ֛ע הַזֶּ֖ה וַיִּתְאַבָּ֑לוּ וְלֹא־שָׁ֛תוּ אִ֥ישׁ עֶדְי֖וֹ עָלָֽיו׃
12 word entries
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע
הָעָ֗ם
אֶת
הַדָּבָ֥ר
הָרָ֛ע
הַזֶּ֖ה
וַיִּתְאַבָּ֑לוּ
וְלֹא
שָׁ֛תוּ
אִ֥ישׁ
עֶדְי֖וֹ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἀκούσας ὁ λαὸς τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ πονηρὸν τοῦτο, κατεπένθησεν ἐν πενθικοῖς.
12 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀκούσας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀκούσας
- Transliteration
- akoysas
- Morphology
- aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
- Gloss
- having ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
λαὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λαός
- Transliteration
- laos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- people
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- People, nation, or community.
- Occurrences
- 1841
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ῥῆμα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ῥῆμα
- Transliteration
- rhema
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- word, saying, matter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Spoken word, saying, or matter.
- Occurrences
- 403
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πονηρὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πονηρός
- Transliteration
- poneron
- Morphology
- adjective, accusative masculine singular or nominative/accusative neuter singular
- Gloss
- evil, wicked
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Evil, wicked, bad, or troublesome.
- Occurrences
- 198
τοῦτο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὗτος
- Transliteration
- houtos
- Morphology
- demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- this one
- Part of Speech
- demonstrative pronoun
- Definition
- This, these.
- Occurrences
- 3767
κατεπένθησεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κατεπένθησεν
- Transliteration
- katepenthesen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
πενθικοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πενθικοῖς
- Transliteration
- penthikois
- Morphology
- dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וּשְׁמַע עַמָא יָת פִּתְגָמָא בִישָׁא הָדֵין וְאִתְאַבָּלוּ וְלָא שַׁוִיוּ גְבַר תִּקוּן זֵינֵהּ עֲלוֹהִי:
13 word entries
וּשְׁמַע
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמע
- Transliteration
- wshm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 47
עַמָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עם
- Transliteration
- 'm'
- Morphology
- noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- people
- Occurrences
- 613
יָת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 2463
פִּתְגָמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פתגמא
- Transliteration
- ptgm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 97
בִישָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישא
- Transliteration
- bysh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 21
הָדֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הדין
- Transliteration
- hdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 206
וְאִתְאַבָּלוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתאבלו
- Transliteration
- w't'blw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
וְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולא
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 376
שַׁוִיוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שויו
- Transliteration
- shwyw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
גְבַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבר
- Transliteration
- gbr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 287
תִּקוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תקון
- Transliteration
- tqwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
זֵינֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זינה
- Transliteration
- zynh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
עֲלוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלוהי
- Transliteration
- 'lwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 173
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܫܡܥܘ ܥܡܐ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܗܢܐ ܒܝܫܐ ܘܟ̣ܪܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ. ܘܠܐ ܫܩܠܘ ܓܒܪ ܙܝܢܗ ܥܠܘܗܝ.
12 word entries
ܘܫܡܥܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WCM<W
- Morphology
- W-CM<[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܡܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <M>
- Morphology
- <M=/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܦܬܓܡܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- PTGM>
- Morphology
- PTGM/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- HN>
- Morphology
- HN>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܝܫܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BJC>
- Morphology
- BJC/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܟ̣ܪܝܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WK#RJT
- Morphology
- W-KRJ[T==
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LHWN
- Morphology
- L-HWN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WL>
- Morphology
- W-L>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܫܩܠܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- CQLW
- Morphology
- CQL[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܓܒܪ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- GBR
- Morphology
- GBR/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܙܝܢܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- ZJNH
- Morphology
- ZJN/-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܠܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <LWHJ
- Morphology
- <L&W-HJ
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Audiensque populus sermonem hunc pessimum, luxit: et nullus ex more indutus est cultu suo.
14 word entries
audiens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audiens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
populus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- populus
- Transliteration
- populus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2030
sermonem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sermo
- Transliteration
- sermonem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 626
hunc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hunc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
pessimum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malus
- Transliteration
- pessimum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 671
luxit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- luceo
- Transliteration
- luxit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 49
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
nullus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nullus
- Transliteration
- nullus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 196
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
more
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mos
- Transliteration
- more
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
indutus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- induo
- Transliteration
- indutus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 124
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
cultu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cultus
- Transliteration
- cultu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 34
suo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Numbers 14:39
And Moses told these words unto all the children of Israel: and the people mourned greatly.
6 relevance votesLeviticus 10:6
And Moses said unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his sons, Let not the hair of your heads go loose, neither rend your clothes; that ye die not, and that he be not wroth with all the congregation: but let your brethren, the whole house of Israel, bewail the burning which Jehovah hath kindled.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 26:16
Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay aside their robes, and strip off their broidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit upon the ground, and shall tremble every moment, and be astonished at thee.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 24:17
Sigh, but not aloud, make no mourning for the dead; bind thy headtire upon thee, and put thy shoes upon thy feet, and cover not thy lips, and eat not the bread of men.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 24:23
And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away in your iniquities, and moan one toward another.
3 relevance votesNumbers 14:1
And all the congregation lifted up their voice, and cried; and the people wept that night.
3 relevance votesZechariah 7:3
and to speak unto the priests of the house of Jehovah of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done these so many years?
2 relevance votesEzra 9:3
And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my robe, and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down confounded.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 32:11
Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones; strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins.
2 relevance votes1 Kings 21:27
And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly.
2 relevance votesZechariah 7:5
Speak unto all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and in the seventh month , even these seventy years, did ye at all fast unto me, even to me?
2 relevance votesHosea 7:14
And they have not cried unto me with their heart, but they howl upon their beds: they assemble themselves for grain and new wine; they rebel against me.
2 relevance votes