18 For in much wisdom is much grief; and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.
American Standard Version
Ecclesiastes 1
American Standard Version, Verse 18
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ecclesiastes 1:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
66
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
כִּ֛י בְּרֹ֥ב חָכְמָ֖ה רָב־כָּ֑עַס וְיוֹסִ֥יף דַּ֖עַת יוֹסִ֥יף מַכְאֽוֹב׃
9 word entries
כִּ֛י
בְּרֹ֥ב
חָכְמָ֖ה
רָב
כָּ֑עַס
וְיוֹסִ֥יף
דַּ֖עַת
יוֹסִ֥יף
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ὅτι ἐν πλήθει σοφίας πλῆθος γνώσεως, καὶ ὁ προστιθεὶς γνῶσιν, προσθήσει ἄλγημα.
12 word entries
Ὅτι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅτι
- Transliteration
- hoti
- Morphology
- subordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- that, because, for
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
- Occurrences
- 3703
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
πλήθει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πλῆθος
- Transliteration
- plethos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- multitude, abundance
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Multitude, fullness, quantity, or abundance.
- Occurrences
- 265
σοφίας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σοφία
- Transliteration
- sophia
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- wisdom
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Wisdom, skill, or insight.
- Occurrences
- 204
πλῆθος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πλῆθος
- Transliteration
- plethos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- multitude, abundance
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Multitude, fullness, quantity, or abundance.
- Occurrences
- 265
γνώσεως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- γνώσεως
- Transliteration
- gnoseos
- Morphology
- adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...ly / having ...
- Part of Speech
- adverb/participle form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
προστιθεὶς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- προστιθεὶς
- Transliteration
- prostitheis
- Morphology
- Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
γνῶσιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γνῶσις
- Transliteration
- gnosin
- Morphology
- noun, feminine accusative singular
- Gloss
- knowledge
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Knowledge, understanding, or recognition.
- Occurrences
- 51
προσθήσει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- προσθήσει
- Transliteration
- prosthesei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 35
ἄλγημα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἄλγημα
- Transliteration
- algema
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܛܠ ܕܒܣܓܝܐܘܬ ܚܟܡܬܐ ܣܓܝܐܘܬ ܪܘܓܙܐ ܘܕܡܘܣܦ ܠܡܕܥ ܡܘܣܦ ܟܐܒܐ
9 word entries
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܒܣܓܝܐܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܣܓܝܐܘܬ
- Transliteration
- dbsgy'wt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܚܟܡܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܟܡܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hkmt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 113
ܣܓܝܐܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܓܝܐܘܬ
- Transliteration
- sgy'wt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
ܪܘܓܙܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܓܙܐ
- Transliteration
- rwgz'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 47
ܘܕܡܘܣܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܡܘܣܦ
- Transliteration
- wdmwsp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܡܕܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܕܥ
- Transliteration
- lmd'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 23
ܡܘܣܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܣܦ
- Transliteration
- mwsp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 16
ܟܐܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܐܒܐ
- Transliteration
- k'b'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 23
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אֲרוּם גְּבַר דְּמַסְגֵּי חָכְמְתָא כַּד יֵיחוֹב וְלָא יִיתַב בִּתְיוּבְתָּא מַסְגֵּי רְגִיז קֳדָם יְיָ וּדְמוֹסִיף מַנְדְּעָא וִימוּת בְּטַלְיוּתֵיהּ מוֹסִיף כְּאֵיב לִבָּא לְקָרִיבוֹי׃
21 word entries
אֲרוּם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארום
- Transliteration
- 'rwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 997
גְּבַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבר
- Transliteration
- gbr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 627
דְּמַסְגֵּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מסגי
- Transliteration
- dmsgy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 14
חָכְמְתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חכמתא
- Transliteration
- chkmt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 56
כַּד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כד
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 581
יֵיחוֹב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ייחוב
- Transliteration
- yychwb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
וְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולא
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1587
יִיתַב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ייתב
- Transliteration
- yytb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
בִּתְיוּבְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תיובתא
- Transliteration
- btywbt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 31
מַסְגֵּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סגי
- Transliteration
- msgy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 191
רְגִיז
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רגיז
- Transliteration
- rgyz
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 17
קֳדָם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- קדם
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- prepositional or nominal form
- Gloss
- before, in front of, east
- Occurrences
- 2023
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
וּדְמוֹסִיף
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דמוסיף
- Transliteration
- wdmwsyp
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
מַנְדְּעָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נדעא
- Transliteration
- mnd''
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 19
וִימוּת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ימות
- Transliteration
- wymwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 58
בְּטַלְיוּתֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טליותיה
- Transliteration
- btlywtyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
מוֹסִיף
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וסיף
- Transliteration
- mwsyp
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 9
כְּאֵיב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- איב
- Transliteration
- k'yb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
לִבָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לבא
- Transliteration
- lb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 168
לְקָרִיבוֹי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קריבוי
- Transliteration
- lqrybwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
eo quod in multa sapientia multa sit indignatio; et qui addit scientiam, addit et laborem.]
15 word entries
eo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eo
- Transliteration
- eo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 698
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quod
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1241
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
multa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- multus
- Transliteration
- multa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1032
sapientia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sapientia
- Transliteration
- sapientia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 345
multa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- multus
- Transliteration
- multa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1032
sit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
indignatio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- indignatio
- Transliteration
- indignatio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 102
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
addit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- addo
- Transliteration
- addit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 117
scientiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scientia
- Transliteration
- scientiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 140
addat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- addo
- Transliteration
- addat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 117
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
laborem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- labor
- Transliteration
- laborem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 129
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Job 28:28
And unto man he said, Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; And to depart from evil is understanding.
16 relevance votesEcclesiastes 7:16
Be not righteous overmuch; neither make thyself overwise: why shouldest thou destroy thyself?
10 relevance votesEcclesiastes 2:23
For all his days are but sorrows, and his travail is grief; yea, even in the night his heart taketh no rest. This also is vanity.
9 relevance votesEcclesiastes 2:15
Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so will it happen even to me; and why was I then more wise? Then said I in my heart, that this also is vanity.
8 relevance votes