31 Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Chronicles 1:31. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
34
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
יְט֥וּר נָפִ֖ישׁ וָקֵ֑דְמָה אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ ס
7 word entries
וָקֵ֑דְמָה
בְּנֵ֥י
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἰεττοὺρ, Ναφὲς, Κεδμά· οὗτοι υἱοὶ Ἰσμαήλ.
6 word entries
Ἰεττοὺρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Ἰεττοὺρ
- Transliteration
- iettoyr
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἰεττοὺρ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Ναφὲς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ναφὲς
- Transliteration
- naphes
- Morphology
- nominative/vocative plural masculine/feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
Κεδμά
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κεδμά
- Transliteration
- kedma
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
οὗτοι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὗτος
- Transliteration
- houtos
- Morphology
- demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- this one
- Part of Speech
- demonstrative pronoun
- Definition
- This, these.
- Occurrences
- 3767
υἱοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
Ἰσμαήλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἰσμαήλ
- Transliteration
- ismael
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἰσμαήλ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܢܛܝܪ ܘܢܦܫ ܘܐܩܕܡܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ ܕܐܝܫܡܥܝܠ
7 word entries
ܘܢܛܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܛܝܪ
- Transliteration
- wntyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܢܦܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܦܫ
- Transliteration
- wnpsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܐܩܕܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܩܕܡܐ
- Transliteration
- w'qdm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 840
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1636
ܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- bnwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 145
ܕܐܝܫܡܥܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܫܡܥܝܠ
- Transliteration
- d'yshm'yl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
יְטוּר נָפִישׁ וְקִדוּמָא אִלֵין הִנוֹן בְּנוֹי דְיִשְׁמָעֵאל׃
7 word entries
יְטוּר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יטור
- Transliteration
- ytwr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
נָפִישׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נפיש
- Transliteration
- npysh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
וְקִדוּמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדומא
- Transliteration
- wqdwm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 14
אִלֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אלין
- Transliteration
- 'lyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 298
הִנוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הנון
- Transliteration
- hnwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 68
בְּנוֹי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נוי
- Transliteration
- bnwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 101
דְיִשְׁמָעֵאל׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישמעאל
- Transliteration
- dyshm''l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 38
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Jetur, Naphis, Cedma: hi sunt filii Ismahelis.
7 word entries
Iathur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iathur
- Transliteration
- Iathur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
Naphis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Naphus
- Transliteration
- Naphis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
Cedma
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Cedma
- Transliteration
- Cedma
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
hii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
filii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
Ismahelis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Ismael
- Transliteration
- Ismahelis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 47