5 Behold, I was born in iniquity. My mother conceived me in sin.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 51:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
42
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
כִּֽי־פְ֭שָׁעַי אֲנִ֣י אֵדָ֑ע וְחַטָּאתִ֖י נֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃
7 word entries
כִּֽי
פְ֭שָׁעַי
אֵדָ֑ע
וְחַטָּאתִ֖י
נֶגְדִּ֣י
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἠγάπησας κακίαν ὑπὲρ ἀγαθωσύνην, ἀδικίαν ὑπὲρ τὸ λαλῆσαι δικαιοσύνην· διάψαλμα.
10 word entries
Ἠγάπησας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἠγάπησας
- Transliteration
- egapesas
- Morphology
- aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
- Gloss
- having ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
κακίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- κακίαν
- Transliteration
- kakian
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 37
ὑπὲρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὑπέρ
- Transliteration
- hyper
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- over, above, on behalf of
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
- Occurrences
- 395
ἀγαθωσύνην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀγαθωσύνην
- Transliteration
- agathosynen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
ἀδικίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀδικία
- Transliteration
- adikian
- Morphology
- noun, feminine accusative singular
- Gloss
- injustice, unrighteousness
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Injustice, unrighteousness, wrong, or iniquity.
- Occurrences
- 166
ὑπὲρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὑπέρ
- Transliteration
- hyper
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- over, above, on behalf of
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
- Occurrences
- 395
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
λαλῆσαι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λαλέω
- Transliteration
- lalesai
- Morphology
- aorist active infinitive
- Gloss
- to speak
- Part of Speech
- infinitive
- Definition
- To speak, say, or talk.
- Occurrences
- 734
δικαιοσύνην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δικαιοσύνη
- Transliteration
- dikaiosyne
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- righteousness, justice
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Righteousness, justice, uprightness.
- Occurrences
- 284
διάψαλμα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- διάψαλμα
- Transliteration
- diapsalma
- Morphology
- noun/liturgical marker, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- interlude, psalm pause
- Part of Speech
- noun/liturgical marker
- Definition
- Psalmic/liturgical marker, often corresponding to Selah.
- Occurrences
- 74
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܛܠ ܕܣܟ̈ܠܘܬܝ ܝܕܥ ܐܢܐ ܘܚ̈ܛܗܝ ܠܘܩܒܠܝ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
8 word entries
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܣܟ̈ܠܘܬܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܣܟܠܘܬܝ
- Transliteration
- dsklwty
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܝܕܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܕܥ
- Transliteration
- yd'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 215
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1289
ܘܚ̈ܛܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܛܗܝ
- Transliteration
- whthy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
ܠܘܩܒܠܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܩܒܠܝ
- Transliteration
- lwqbly
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 13
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1636
ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Transliteration
- bklzbn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 33
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אֲרוּם מְרוֹדַי קֳדָמַי גַלְיָן וְחוֹבִי לְקִבְלִי תְדִירָא׃
7 word entries
אֲרוּם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארום
- Transliteration
- 'rwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 997
מְרוֹדַי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רודי
- Transliteration
- mrwdy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 10
קֳדָמַי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדמי
- Transliteration
- qdmy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 443
גַלְיָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גלין
- Transliteration
- glyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 24
וְחוֹבִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חובי
- Transliteration
- wchwby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 114
לְקִבְלִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קבלי
- Transliteration
- lqbly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 17
תְדִירָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תדירא
- Transliteration
- tdyr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 69
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Dilexisti malitiam super benignitatem; iniquitatem magis quam loqui æquitatem.
10 word entries
dilexisti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- diligo
- Transliteration
- dilexisti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 338
malitiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malitia
- Transliteration
- malitiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 113
super
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- super
- Transliteration
- super
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3146
benignitatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- benignitas
- Transliteration
- benignitatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
iniquitatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iniquitas
- Transliteration
- iniquitatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 460
magis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- magis
- Transliteration
- magis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 190
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quam
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 426
loqui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- loquor
- Transliteration
- loqui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1543
aequitatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aequitas
- Transliteration
- aequitatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 36
diapsalma
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- diapsalma
- Transliteration
- diapsalma
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 61
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Romans 5:12
Therefore, as sin entered into the world through one man, and death through sin, so death passed to all men because all sinned.
30 relevance votesJob 14:4
Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? Not one.
26 relevance votesPsalms 58:3
The wicked go astray from the womb. They are wayward as soon as they are born, speaking lies.
24 relevance votesEphesians 2:3
We also all once lived among them in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest.
22 relevance votesJohn 3:6
That which is born of the flesh is flesh. That which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
18 relevance votesGenesis 5:3
Adam lived one hundred thirty years, and became the father of a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth.
15 relevance votesGenesis 8:21
Yahweh smelled the pleasant aroma. Yahweh said in his heart, “I will not again curse the ground any more for man’s sake because the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth. I will never again strike every living thing, as I have done.
11 relevance votes