Ruth 4

World English Bible Updated, Verse 22

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²² and Obed became the father of Jesse, and Jesse became the father of David.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 4:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 99

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְעֹבֵד֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יִשָׁ֔י וְיִשַׁ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־דָּוִֽד׃

8 word entries

וְעֹבֵד֙

Lemma: c/5744
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5744
Occurrences: 5

הוֹלִ֣יד

Lemma: 3205
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3205
Occurrences: 300

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

יִשָׁ֔י

Lemma: 3448
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3448
Occurrences: 38

וְיִשַׁ֖י

Lemma: c/3448
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3448
Occurrences: 2

הוֹלִ֥יד

Lemma: 3205
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3205
Occurrences: 300

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

דָּוִֽד

Lemma: 1732
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1732
Occurrences: 847

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ Ὡβὴδ ἐγέννησε τὸν Ἰεσσαί· καὶ Ἰεσσαὶ ἐγέννησε τὸν Δαυίδ.

10 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ὡβὴδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: Ὡβὴδ
Transliteration: obed
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ὡβὴδ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐγέννησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γεννάω
Transliteration: egennese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he fathered, begot
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To beget, father, bear, or give birth.
Occurrences: 131

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰεσσαί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἰεσσαί
Transliteration: iessai
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἰεσσαί
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἰεσσαὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἰεσσαὶ
Transliteration: iessai
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἰεσσαὶ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 26

ἐγέννησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γεννάω
Transliteration: egennese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he fathered, begot
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To beget, father, bear, or give birth.
Occurrences: 131

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Δαυίδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Δαυίδ
Transliteration: Dauid
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: David
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: David.
Occurrences: 1047

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܥܘܒܪ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܐܝܫܝ . ܘܐܝܫܝ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܕܘܝܕ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ ܀ ܫܠܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܪܥܘܬ ܰ..

12 word entries

ܘܥܘܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܘܒܪ
Transliteration: w'wbr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 7

ܐܘܠܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܠܕ
Transliteration: 'wld
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 101

ܠܐܝܫܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܐܝܫܝ
Transliteration: l'yshy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 7

ܘܐܝܫܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܫܝ
Transliteration: w'yshy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܐܘܠܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܠܕ
Transliteration: 'wld
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 101

ܠܕܘܝܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܕܘܝܕ
Transliteration: ldwyd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 181

ܡ̇ܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: malka
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: king
Occurrences: 1870

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 0

ܫܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܡ
Transliteration: shlm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 72

ܟܬܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܬܒܐ
Transliteration: ktb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 28

ܕܐܪܥܘܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܪܥܘܬ
Transliteration: d'r'wt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְעוֹבֵד אוֹלֵיד יָת יִשַׁי דְּמִתְקְרִי נָחָשׁ בְּגִין דְּלָא אִשְׁתְּכַחַת בֵּיהּ עִלָּה וּשְׁחִיתָה לְאִתְמְסָרָא בִּידוֹי דְּמַלְאֲכָא דְּמוֹתָא לְמִסַּב יָת נַפְשֵׁיהּ מִנֵּיהּ וַחֲיָא יוֹמִין סַגִּיאִין עַד דְּאִדְּכַר קֳדָם יְיָ עֵיטָא דִּיהַב חִוְיָא לְחַוָּה אִתַּת אָדָם לְמֵיכַל מִן אִילָנָא דְּאָכְלֵי פֵירוֹהִי חַכִּימִין לִידַע בֵּין טַב לְבִישׁ וְעַל הַהוּא עֵיטָא אִתְחַיַּבוּ מוֹתָא כָּל דָּיְרֵי אַרְעָא וּבְהַהִיא עִילָה שְׁכִיב יִשַׁי צַדִּיקָא הוּא יִשַׁי דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת דָּוִד מַלְכָּא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל׃

63 word entries

וְעוֹבֵד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עובד
Transliteration: w'wbd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 71

אוֹלֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוליד
Transliteration: 'wlyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 105

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

יִשַׁי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישי
Transliteration: yshy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 54

דְּמִתְקְרִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מתקרי
Transliteration: dmtqry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 13

נָחָשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נחש
Transliteration: nchsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 31

בְּגִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גין
Transliteration: bgyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 102

דְּלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דלא
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 607

אִשְׁתְּכַחַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשתכחת
Transliteration: 'shtkcht
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

בֵּיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ביה
Transliteration: byh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 359

עִלָּה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלה
Transliteration: 'lh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 188

וּשְׁחִיתָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שחיתה
Transliteration: wshchyth
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

לְאִתְמְסָרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתמסרא
Transliteration: l'tmsr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

בִּידוֹי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידוי
Transliteration: bydwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 65

דְּמַלְאֲכָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלאכא
Transliteration: dml'k'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 25

דְּמוֹתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מותא
Transliteration: dmwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 70

לְמִסַּב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מסב
Transliteration: lmsb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

נַפְשֵׁיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפשיה
Transliteration: npshyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 106

מִנֵּיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ניה
Transliteration: mnyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 178

וַחֲיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חיא
Transliteration: wchy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

יוֹמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יומין
Transliteration: ywmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 171

סַגִּיאִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סגיאין
Transliteration: sgy'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 188

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 885

דְּאִדְּכַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אדכר
Transliteration: d'dkr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 39

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

עֵיטָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיטא
Transliteration: 'yt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

דִּיהַב

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהב
Transliteration: dyhb
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + verbal root יהב
Gloss: of/that gave, placed
Occurrences: 259

חִוְיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חויא
Transliteration: chwy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

לְחַוָּה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חוה
Transliteration: lchwh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

אִתַּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתת
Transliteration: 'tt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 92

אָדָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אדם
Transliteration: 'dm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 115

לְמֵיכַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיכל
Transliteration: lmykl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 70

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

אִילָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אילנא
Transliteration: 'yln'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 15

דְּאָכְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אכלי
Transliteration: d'kly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 26

פֵירוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פירוהי
Transliteration: pyrwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

חַכִּימִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חכימין
Transliteration: chkymyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

לִידַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידע
Transliteration: lyd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 116

בֵּין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בין
Transliteration: byn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 170

טַב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טב
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 212

לְבִישׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ביש
Transliteration: lbysh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 184

וְעַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ועל
Transliteration: w'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 516

הַהוּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ההוא
Transliteration: hhw'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 190

עֵיטָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיטא
Transliteration: 'yt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

אִתְחַיַּבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתחיבו
Transliteration: 'tchybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

מוֹתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ותא
Transliteration: mwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 64

כָּל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

דָּיְרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ירי
Transliteration: dyry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 19

אַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: 'r''
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

וּבְהַהִיא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בההיא
Transliteration: wbhhy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

עִילָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עילה
Transliteration: 'ylh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

שְׁכִיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שכיב
Transliteration: shkyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 70

יִשַׁי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישי
Transliteration: yshy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 54

צַדִּיקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צדיקא
Transliteration: tsdyq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 74

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

יִשַׁי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישי
Transliteration: yshy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 54

דְּאוֹלֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוליד
Transliteration: d'wlyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 105

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

דָּוִד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דוד
Transliteration: dwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1106

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 2509

דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: dyshr'l
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + proper noun
Gloss: of/that Israel
Occurrences: 2312

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Obed genuit Isai, Isai genuit David.

6 word entries

Obed

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Obed
Transliteration: Obed
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 15

genuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gigno
Transliteration: genuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 302

Isai

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Isai
Transliteration: Isai
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 35

Isai

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Isai
Transliteration: Isai
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 35

genuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gigno
Transliteration: genuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 302

David

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Dauid
Transliteration: David
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1095

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Chapter 4 of 4 Verse 22 of 22

Ruth 4

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Matthew 1:6

1 Chronicles 2:15

Luke 3:31

Isaiah 11:1

1 Samuel 16:1