Genesis
Chapter 9
Verse 18
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Open English Bible, US Edition

Genesis 9

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 18

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18 The sons of Noah, who left the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth; and Ham was the father of Canaan.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 9:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 77
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־נֹ֗חַ הַיֹּֽצְאִים֙ מִן־הַתֵּבָ֔ה שֵׁ֖ם וְחָ֣ם וָיָ֑פֶת וְחָ֕ם ה֖וּא אֲבִ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃

13 word entries
וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ
Lemma
c/1961
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H1961
Occurrences
1772
בְנֵי
Lemma
1121 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1121
Occurrences
4020
נֹ֗חַ
Lemma
5146
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5146
Occurrences
41
הַיֹּֽצְאִים֙
Lemma
d/3318
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3318
Occurrences
47
מִן
Lemma
4480 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H4480
Occurrences
1059
הַתֵּבָ֔ה
Lemma
d/8392
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H8392
Occurrences
23
שֵׁ֖ם
Lemma
8035
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8035
Occurrences
15
וְחָ֣ם
Lemma
c/2526
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H2526
Occurrences
3
וָיָ֑פֶת
Lemma
c/3315
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3315
Occurrences
5
וְחָ֕ם
Lemma
c/2526
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H2526
Occurrences
3
ה֖וּא
Lemma
1931
Morphology
Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech
pronoun
Strong's
H1931
Occurrences
1188
אֲבִ֥י
Lemma
1
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1
Occurrences
995
כְנָֽעַן
Lemma
3667 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3667
Occurrences
86
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἦσαν δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ Νῶε, οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐκ τῆς κιβωτοῦ, Σὴμ, Χὰμ, Ἰάφεθ. Χὰμ δὲ ἦν πατὴρ Χαναάν.

18 word entries
Ἦσαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
esan
Morphology
verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss
they were
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
5427
δὲ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
δέ
Transliteration
de
Morphology
postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss
but, and, now
Part of Speech
conjunction/particle
Definition
Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences
4634
οἱ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
υἱοὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
huios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
son
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences
4805
Νῶε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Νῶε
Transliteration
Noe
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Noah
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Noah, biblical personal name.
Occurrences
50
οἱ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἐξελθόντες
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
exelthontes
Morphology
present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss
doing/being ...
Part of Speech
participle
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
11
ἐκ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐκ
Transliteration
ek
Morphology
preposition with genitive
Gloss
from, out of
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences
3500
τῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
κιβωτοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
kibotou
Morphology
noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss
of ark, chest
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Ark, chest, or box.
Occurrences
165
Σὴμ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma
Σὴμ
Transliteration
sem
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Σὴμ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
14
Χὰμ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma
Χὰμ
Transliteration
cham
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Χὰμ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
13
Ἰάφεθ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
iapheth
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἰάφεθ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
12
Χὰμ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma
Χὰμ
Transliteration
cham
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Χὰμ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
13
δὲ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
δέ
Transliteration
de
Morphology
postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss
but, and, now
Part of Speech
conjunction/particle
Definition
Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences
4634
ἦν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
en
Morphology
verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it was
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
5427
πατὴρ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
pater
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
father
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Father or ancestor.
Occurrences
1228
Χαναάν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
chanaan
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Χαναάν
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Canaan, land or personal name.
Occurrences
97
Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וַהֲווֹ בְנֵי נֹחַ דִּי נְפָקוּ מִן תֵּבוֹתָא שֵׁם וְחָם וָיָפֶת וְחָם הוּא אֲבוּהִי דִכְנָעַן

14 word entries
וַהֲווֹ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
הוו
Transliteration
whww
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
91
בְנֵי
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
בר
Transliteration
bny
Morphology
noun plural construct
Gloss
sons, children of
Occurrences
1211
נֹחַ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
נח
Transliteration
nch
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
36
דִּי
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
די
Transliteration
dy
Morphology
relative/genitive particle
Gloss
of, that, which
Occurrences
1640
נְפָקוּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
npqw
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
31
מִן
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מן
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
from, out of, than
Occurrences
515
תֵּבוֹתָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tbwt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
28
שֵׁם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שם
Transliteration
shm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
10
וְחָם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
וחם
Transliteration
wchm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
3
וָיָפֶת
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
יפת
Transliteration
wypt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
9
וְחָם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
וחם
Transliteration
wchm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
3
הוּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
הוא
Transliteration
hw'
Morphology
personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss
he, it
Occurrences
372
אֲבוּהִי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'bwhy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
100
דִכְנָעַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dkn'n
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
57
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܗܘܘ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܢܘܚ ܕܢܦܩܘ ܡܢ ܩܒܘܬܐ. ܫܝܡ ܘܚܡ ܘܝܦܬ. ܚܡ ܗ̣ܘ ܐܒܘܗܝ ܕܟܢܥܢ.

13 word entries
ܘܗܘܘ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
WHWW
Morphology
W-HW(J[W
Occurrences
0
ܒܢ̈ܝ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
BN"J
Morphology
BN/J
Occurrences
0
ܢܘܚ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
NWX
Morphology
NWX=/
Occurrences
0
ܕܢܦܩܘ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
DNPQW
Morphology
D-NPQ[W
Occurrences
0
ܡܢ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
MN
Morphology
MN
Occurrences
0
ܩܒܘܬܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
QBWT>
Morphology
Q(>BW/T~>
Occurrences
0
ܫܝܡ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
CJM
Morphology
CJM/
Occurrences
0
ܘܚܡ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
WXM
Morphology
W-XM=/
Occurrences
0
ܘܝܦܬ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
WJPT
Morphology
W-JPT/
Occurrences
0
ܚܡ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
XM
Morphology
XM=/
Occurrences
0
ܗ̣ܘ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
H#W
Morphology
HW
Occurrences
0
ܐܒܘܗܝ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
>BWHJ
Morphology
>B&W/-HJ
Occurrences
0
ܕܟܢܥܢ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
DKN<N
Morphology
D-KN<N/
Occurrences
0
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Erant ergo filii Noë, qui egressi sunt de arca, Sem, Cham et Japheth: porro Cham ipse est pater Chanaan.

19 word entries
erant
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
erant
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
igitur
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
igitur
Transliteration
igitur
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
420
filii
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
filius
Transliteration
filii
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
5067
Noe
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Noe
Transliteration
Noe
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
46
qui
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
qui
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
egressi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
egressi
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
667
sunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
sunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
de
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
de
Transliteration
de
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
4779
arca
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
arca
Transliteration
arca
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
225
Sem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Sem
Transliteration
Sem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
14
Ham
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
Ham
Morphology
GreLa POS: other
Occurrences
4646
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
Iafeth
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Iafet
Transliteration
Iafeth
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
9
porro
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
porro
Transliteration
porro
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
279
Ham
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
Ham
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
4646
ipse
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ipse
Transliteration
ipse
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
2134
est
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
est
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
pater
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
pater
Transliteration
pater
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1575
Chanaan
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Chanaan
Transliteration
Chanaan
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
98

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Genesis 10:1

Now these are the descendants of the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and Japheth; and to them were sons born after the flood.

6 relevance votes

Genesis 10:6

The sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, and Put, and Canaan.

5 relevance votes

Genesis 9:23

But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it upon both their shoulders and went backward to cover the nakedness of their father, their faces being turned away so that they did not see their father’s nakedness.

2 relevance votes
Chapter 9 of 50 Verse 18 of 29