8 And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, and keeping watch over their flock by night.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Luke 2:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Καὶ ποιμένες ἦσαν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ ἀγραυλοῦντες καὶ φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς τῆς νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ποίμνην αὐτῶν.
18 word entries
Καὶ
ποιμένες
ἦσαν
ἐν
τῇ
χώρᾳ
τῇ
αὐτῇ
ἀγραυλοῦντες
- Lemma
- agraulountev
- Transliteration
- agraulountev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G63
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
φυλάσσοντες
- Lemma
- fulassontev
- Transliteration
- fulassontev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5442
- Occurrences
- 2
φυλακὰς
τῆς
νυκτὸς
ἐπὶ
τὴν
ποίμνην
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Καὶ ποιμένες ἦσαν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ ἀγραυλοῦντες καὶ φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς τῆς νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ποίμνην αὐτῶν.
18 word entries
Καὶ
ἦσαν
ἐν
τῇ
τῇ
καὶ
τῆς
τὴν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܪܥܘܬܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܘ ܒܗ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܫܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܬܡܢ ܘܢܛܪܝܢ ܡܛܪܬܐ ܕܠܠܝܐ ܥܠ ܡܪܥܝܬܗܘܢ
14 word entries
ܪܥܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܥܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- r'wt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 6
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܗܘܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܘ
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 815
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗ
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 343
ܒܐܬܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܐܬܪܐ
- Transliteration
- b'tr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܕܫܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dshryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܗܘܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܘ
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 815
ܬܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܡܢ
- Transliteration
- tmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 165
ܘܢܛܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܛܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wntryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 7
ܡܛܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mtrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 4
ܕܠܠܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܠܝܐ
- Transliteration
- dlly'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܡܪܥܝܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܥܝܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- mr'ythwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et pastores erant in regione eadem vigilantes, et custodientes vigilias noctis super gregem suum.
14 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
pastores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pastor
- Transliteration
- pastores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 105
erant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
regione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- regio
- Transliteration
- regione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 261
eadem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- idem
- Transliteration
- eadem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 187
vigilantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uigilo
- Transliteration
- vigilantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 55
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
custodientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- custodio
- Transliteration
- custodientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 358
vigilias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uigilia
- Transliteration
- vigilias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 24
noctis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nox
- Transliteration
- noctis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 345
supra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- supra
- Transliteration
- supra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 176
gregem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- grex
- Transliteration
- gregem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 182
suum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ezekiel 34:8
As I live, saith the Lord Jehovah, surely, because my flock is become a prey, and my flock is become meat to all the beasts of the field because there is no shepherd, and because my shepherds search not for my flock, and feed themselves, and feed not my flock,—
2 relevance votes