2 For the daughters of Moab will be like wandering birds, like a place from which the young birds have gone in flight, at the ways across the Arnon.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 16:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְהָיָ֥ה כְעוֹף־נוֹדֵ֖ד קֵ֣ן מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת מוֹאָ֔ב מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת לְאַרְנֽוֹן׃
10 word entries
וְהָיָ֥ה
כְעוֹף
נוֹדֵ֖ד
קֵ֣ן
מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח
תִּֽהְיֶ֨ינָה֙
בְּנ֣וֹת
מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἔσῃ γὰρ ὡς πετεινοῦ ἀνιπταμένου νοσσὸς ἀφῃρημένος, ἔσῃ θυγάτηρ Μωὰβ, ἔπειτα δέ Ἀρνῶν πλείονα
14 word entries
Ἔσῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- ese
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 2nd singular
- Gloss
- you will be
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
γὰρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γάρ
- Transliteration
- gar
- Morphology
- postpositive explanatory conjunction
- Gloss
- for, because
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Explanatory or causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 1390
ὡς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὡς
- Transliteration
- hos
- Morphology
- comparative conjunction/adverb
- Gloss
- as, like, when
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/adverb
- Definition
- Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
- Occurrences
- 1899
πετεινοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πετεινοῦ
- Transliteration
- peteinoy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἀνιπταμένου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀνιπταμένου
- Transliteration
- aniptamenoy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
νοσσὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- νοσσὸς
- Transliteration
- nossos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἀφῃρημένος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀφῃρημένος
- Transliteration
- apheremenos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἔσῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- ese
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 2nd singular
- Gloss
- you will be
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
θυγάτηρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θυγάτηρ
- Transliteration
- thygater
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- daughter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Daughter or female descendant.
- Occurrences
- 506
Μωὰβ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Μωάβ
- Transliteration
- Moab
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Moab
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Moab.
- Occurrences
- 174
ἔπειτα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἔπειτα
- Transliteration
- epeita
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
δέ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
Ἀρνῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἀρνῶν
- Transliteration
- arnon
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀρνῶν
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 19
πλείονα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πλείονα
- Transliteration
- pleiona
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܢܗܘܐ ܐܝܟ ܦܪܚܬܐ ܕܡܫܢܝܐ ܩܢܗ̇ ܘܒܢ̈ܬ ܡܘܐܒ ܫܒܝ̈ܩܬܐ ܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ ܒܡܥܒܪܬܐ ܕܐܪܢܘܢ
11 word entries
ܘܢܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- wnhw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 171
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2051
ܦܪܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܪܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- prht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 20
ܕܡܫܢܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܫܢܝܐ
- Transliteration
- dmshny'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܩܢܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܢܗ
- Transliteration
- qnh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܒܢ̈ܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܢܬ
- Transliteration
- wbnt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܡܘܐܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܐܒ
- Transliteration
- mw'b
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 59
ܫܒܝ̈ܩܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܒܝܩܬܐ
- Transliteration
- shbyqt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 6
ܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܗܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- nhwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 33
ܒܡܥܒܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܡܥܒܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bm'brt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܐܪܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- d'rnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וִיהֵי כְעוֹפָא דְאַפְרָחוֹהִי מִקִנֵיהּ וִיטַלְטֵיל יִתַּפְקָן וִיהֶוְיָן בְּנַת מוֹאָב מְגִיזַן לְהוֹן לְאַרְנוֹן׃
12 word entries
וִיהֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהי
- Transliteration
- wyhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 508
כְעוֹפָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עופא
- Transliteration
- k'wp'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 45
דְאַפְרָחוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אפרחוהי
- Transliteration
- d'prchwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
מִקִנֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קניה
- Transliteration
- mqnyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
וִיטַלְטֵיל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יטלטיל
- Transliteration
- wytltyl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
יִתַּפְקָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתפקן
- Transliteration
- ytpqn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
וִיהֶוְיָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהוין
- Transliteration
- wyhwyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 28
בְּנַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בנת
- Transliteration
- bnt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 35
מוֹאָב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ואב
- Transliteration
- mw'b
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 56
מְגִיזַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גיזן
- Transliteration
- mgyzn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
לְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הון
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1262
לְאַרְנוֹן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארנון
- Transliteration
- l'rnwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 11
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et erit: sicut avis fugiens, et pulli de nido avolantes, sic erunt filiæ Moab in transcensu Arnon.
17 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
erit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
sicut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sicut
- Transliteration
- sicut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1559
avis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- auis
- Transliteration
- avis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 52
fugiens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fugio
- Transliteration
- fugiens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 351
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
pulli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pullus
- Transliteration
- pulli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 44
de
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- de
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 4779
nido
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nidus
- Transliteration
- nido
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 15
avolantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- auolo
- Transliteration
- avolantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 11
sic
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sic
- Transliteration
- sic
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 584
erunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
filiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filia
- Transliteration
- filiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 566
Moab
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- moabes
- Transliteration
- Moab
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 29
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
transcensu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- transcensus
- Transliteration
- transcensu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1
Arnon
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Arnon
- Transliteration
- Arnon
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 24
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 27:8
Like a bird wandering from the place of her eggs is a man wandering from his station.
4 relevance votesJudges 11:18
Then he went on through the waste land and round the land of Edom and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and put up their tents on the other side of the Arnon; they did not come inside the limit of Moab, for the Arnon was the limit of Moab.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 13:14
And it will be that, like a roe in flight, and like wandering sheep, they will go every man to his people and to his land.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 2:36
From Aroer on the edge of the valley of the Arnon and from the town in the valley as far as Gilead, no town was strong enough to keep us out; the Lord our God gave them all into our hands:
2 relevance votesJeremiah 48:20
Moab has been put to shame, she is broken: make loud sounds of grief, crying out for help; give the news in Arnon, that Moab has been made waste.
2 relevance votesJoshua 13:16
Their limit was from Aroer, on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the town in the middle of the valley, and all the table-land by Medeba;
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 3:8
At that time we took their land from the two kings of the Amorites on the far side of Jordan, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon;
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 3:12
And this land which we took at that time, from Aroer by the valley of the Arnon, and half the hill-country of Gilead with its towns, I gave to the Reubenites and the Gadites.
2 relevance votes