10 And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.
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Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 39:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיְמַלְאוּ־ב֔וֹ אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ט֣וּרֵי אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָאֶחָֽד׃
וַיְמַלְאוּ
ב֔וֹ
- Lemma
- b
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 1362
אַרְבָּעָ֖ה
ט֣וּרֵי
אָ֑בֶן
ט֗וּר
אֹ֤דֶם
פִּטְדָה֙
וּבָרֶ֔קֶת
הַטּ֖וּר
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
καὶ τὸ παράθεμα τὸ χαλκοῦν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐργαλεῖα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου·
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
παράθεμα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- παράθεμα
- Transliteration
- parathema
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
χαλκοῦν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χαλκοῦν
- Transliteration
- chalkoyn
- Morphology
- accusative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 22
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
θυσιαστηρίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θυσιαστήριον
- Transliteration
- thysiasterion
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- altar
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Altar.
- Occurrences
- 362
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
πάντα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
σκεύη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σκεῦος
- Transliteration
- skeuos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- vessel, implement
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Vessel, implement, object, or container.
- Occurrences
- 264
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
θυσιαστηρίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θυσιαστήριον
- Transliteration
- thysiasterion
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- altar
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Altar.
- Occurrences
- 362
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
πάντα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐργαλεῖα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐργαλεῖα
- Transliteration
- ergaleia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
τῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
σκηνῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σκηνή
- Transliteration
- skenes
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of a tent, tabernacle
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Tent, dwelling, booth, or tabernacle.
- Occurrences
- 345
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
μαρτυρίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μαρτύριον
- Transliteration
- martyriou
- Morphology
- noun, neuter genitive singular
- Gloss
- of testimony, witness
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Testimony, witness, or evidence.
- Occurrences
- 204
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וְאַשְׁלִימוּ בֵהּ אַרְבְּעָא סִדְרֵי אֶבֶן טָבָא סִדְרָא קַדְמָאָה סַמְקָן יַרְקָן וּבַרְקָן סִדְרָא חָד:
וְאַשְׁלִימוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשלימו
- Transliteration
- w'shlymw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
בֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בה
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 204
אַרְבְּעָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארבעא
- Transliteration
- 'rb''
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 27
סִדְרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סדרי
- Transliteration
- sdry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
אֶבֶן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אבן
- Transliteration
- 'bn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
טָבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טבא
- Transliteration
- tb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 26
סִדְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סדרא
- Transliteration
- sdr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 13
קַדְמָאָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדמאה
- Transliteration
- qdm'h
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 32
סַמְקָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סמקן
- Transliteration
- smqn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
יַרְקָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ירקן
- Transliteration
- yrqn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
וּבַרְקָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ברקן
- Transliteration
- wbrqn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
סִדְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סדרא
- Transliteration
- sdr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 13
חָד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חד
- Transliteration
- chd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 282
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܫܠܡܘ ܒܗ ܐܪ̈ܒܥܐ ܣܕܪ̈ܝܢ ܕܟܐ̈ܦܐ. ܣܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ ܘܙܪܓܐ ܘܒܪܩܐ ܣܕܪܐ ܚܕ.
ܘܫܠܡܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WCLMW
- Morphology
- W-CLM[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BH
- Morphology
- B-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܪ̈ܒܥܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >R"B<>
- Morphology
- >RB</>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܣܕܪ̈ܝܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- SDR"JN
- Morphology
- SDR/JN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܟܐ̈ܦܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DK>"P>
- Morphology
- D-K>P/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܣܕܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- SDR>
- Morphology
- SDR/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܩܕܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- QDMJ>
- Morphology
- QDMJ/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܣܘܡܩܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- SWMQ>
- Morphology
- SWMQ/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܙܪܓܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WZRG>
- Morphology
- W-ZRG/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܒܪܩܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WBRQ>
- Morphology
- W-BRQ==/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܣܕܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- SDR>
- Morphology
- SDR/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܚܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XD
- Morphology
- XD/
- Occurrences
- 0
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et posuit in eo gemmarum ordines quatuor. In primo versu erat sardius, topazius, smaragdus.
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
posuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pono
- Transliteration
- posuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 894
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
eo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
gemmarum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gemma
- Transliteration
- gemmarum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 21
ordines
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ordo
- Transliteration
- ordines
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 71
quattuor
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quatuor
- Transliteration
- quattuor
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 251
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
primo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- primus
- Transliteration
- primo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 238
versu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uersus
- Transliteration
- versu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 18
erat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
sardius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sarder
- Transliteration
- sardius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1
topazius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- topazius
- Transliteration
- topazius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
zmaragdus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- zmaragdus
- Transliteration
- zmaragdus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 6
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Exodus 28:21
And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes.
3 relevance votes