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Open English Bible, US Edition

Genesis 25

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 25

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²⁵ The first was born red, his whole body covered with hair like a fur coat, so they named him Esau.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 25:25. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 75

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ אַדְמוֹנִ֔י כֻּלּ֖וֹ כְּאַדֶּ֣רֶת שֵׂעָ֑ר וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵשָֽׂו׃

9 word entries

וַיֵּצֵ֤א

Lemma: c/3318
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 388

הָרִאשׁוֹן֙

Lemma: d/7223
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + adjective
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7223
Occurrences: 107

אַדְמוֹנִ֔י

Lemma: 132
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H132
Occurrences: 2

כֻּלּ֖וֹ

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

כְּאַדֶּ֣רֶת

Lemma: k/155
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H155
Occurrences: 1

שֵׂעָ֑ר

Lemma: 8181
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8181
Occurrences: 19

וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ

Lemma: c/7121
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

שְׁמ֖וֹ

Lemma: 8034
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8034
Occurrences: 521

עֵשָֽׂו

Lemma: 6215
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6215
Occurrences: 86

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐξῆλθε δὲ ὁ πρωτότοκος πυῤῥάκης· ὅλος, ὡσεὶ δορὰ, δασύς· ἐπωνόμασε δὲ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, Ἡσαῦ.

15 word entries

Ἐξῆλθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐξέρχομαι
Transliteration: exelthe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it went out
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go out, come out, or depart.
Occurrences: 386

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πρωτότοκος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πρωτότοκος
Transliteration: prototokos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 37

πυῤῥάκης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πυῤῥάκης
Transliteration: pyakes
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ὅλος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὅλος
Transliteration: olos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 195

ὡσεὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡσεί
Transliteration: hosei
Morphology: comparative adverb/conjunction
Gloss: as if, about, like
Part of Speech: adverb/conjunction
Definition: Comparative adverb/conjunction.
Occurrences: 177

δορὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δορὰ
Transliteration: dora
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

δασύς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δασύς
Transliteration: dasys
Morphology: nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐπωνόμασε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπωνόμασε
Transliteration: eponomase
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὄνομα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄνομα
Transliteration: onoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: name
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Name.
Occurrences: 908

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Ἡσαῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἡσαῦ
Transliteration: Esau
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Esau
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Esau.
Occurrences: 101

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וּנְפַק קַדְמָאָה סִמוֹק כֻּלֵּהּ כִּגְלִים (נ''י כִּכְלָן) דִּשְׂעָר וּקְרוֹ שְׁמֵהּ עֵשָׂו

12 word entries

וּנְפַק

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: נפק
Transliteration: wnpq
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root נפק
Gloss: and went out, came forth
Occurrences: 83

קַדְמָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמאה
Transliteration: qdm'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 32

סִמוֹק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סמוק
Transliteration: smwq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

כֻּלֵּהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כלה
Transliteration: klh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

כִּגְלִים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גלים
Transliteration: kglym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נ
Transliteration: n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 60

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: י
Transliteration: y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 51

כִּכְלָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כלן
Transliteration: kkln
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

דִּשְׂעָר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שער
Transliteration: dsh'r
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

וּקְרוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרו
Transliteration: wqrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

שְׁמֵהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמה
Transliteration: shmh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 67

עֵשָׂו

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עשו
Transliteration: 'shw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 82

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܦܩ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܣܡܩܪܝ. ܘܟܠܗ ܥܙܩ̈ܬܐ ܕܣܥܪܐ. ܘܩ̣ܪܐ ܫܡܗ ܥܣܘ.

9 word entries

ܘܢܦܩ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WNPQ
Morphology: W-NPQ[
Occurrences: 0

ܩܕܡܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QDMJ>
Morphology: QDMJ/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܣܡܩܪܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SMQRJ
Morphology: SMQRJ/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܟܠܗ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WKLH
Morphology: W-KL/-H
Occurrences: 0

ܥܙܩ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <ZQ"T>
Morphology: <ZQ(>/T=~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܣܥܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DS<R>
Morphology: D-S<R=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܩ̣ܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WQ#R>
Morphology: W-QR(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܫܡܗ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CMH
Morphology: CM/-H
Occurrences: 0

ܥܣܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <SW
Morphology: <SW/
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Qui prior egressus est, rufus erat, et totus in morem pellis hispidus: vocatumque est nomen ejus Esau. Protinus alter egrediens, plantam fratris tenebat manu: et idcirco appellavit eum Jacob.

30 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

primus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: primus
Transliteration: primus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 238

egressus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: egredior
Transliteration: egressus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 667

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

rufus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rufus
Transliteration: rufus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 9

erat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

totus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: totus
Transliteration: totus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 276

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

morem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mos
Transliteration: morem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

pellis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pellis
Transliteration: pellis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 52

hispidus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hispidus
Transliteration: hispidus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1

vocatumque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uoco
Transliteration: vocatumque
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 652

{vocatumque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {vocatumque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

nomen

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nomen
Transliteration: nomen
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1130

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Esau

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Esau
Transliteration: Esau
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 82

protinus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: protinus
Transliteration: protinus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 11

alter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alter
Transliteration: alter
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 319

egrediens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: egredior
Transliteration: egrediens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 667

plantam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: planta
Transliteration: plantam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 14

fratris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frater
Transliteration: fratris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1060

tenebat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: teneo
Transliteration: tenebat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 189

manu

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manu
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

idcirco

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: idcirco
Transliteration: idcirco
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 147

appellavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: appello
Transliteration: appellavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 71

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Iacob

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iacob
Transliteration: Iacob
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 364

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 25

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Ranked cross references

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Genesis 27:16

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