Job
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Chapter 16
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Verse 15
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KJV King James Version WEB-C World English Bible, Catholic Edition WEB World English Bible ASV American Standard Version WBT Webster's Bible YLT Young's Literal Translation DBY Darby Bible RV English Revised Version DRA Douay-Rheims American Edition GNV Geneva Bible BRENTON Brenton Septuagint Translation OJPS JPS Tanakh 1917 BBE Bible in Basic English WMB World Messianic Bible RV1909 Santa Biblia — Reina-Valera 1909 WEBU World English Bible Updated NOY George Noyes Bible LXX2012 Septuagint in American English 2012
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George Noyes Bible

Job 16

George Noyes Bible, Verse 15

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15 I have sewed sackcloth upon my skin, And thrust my horn into the dust.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 16:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 43
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

שַׂ֣ק תָּ֭פַרְתִּי עֲלֵ֣י גִלְדִּ֑י וְעֹלַ֖לְתִּי בֶעָפָ֣ר קַרְנִֽי׃

7 word entries
שַׂ֣ק
Lemma
8242
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8242
Occurrences
33
תָּ֭פַרְתִּי
Lemma
8609
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H8609
Occurrences
1
עֲלֵ֣י
Lemma
5921 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
4903
גִלְדִּ֑י
Lemma
1539
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1539
Occurrences
1
וְעֹלַ֖לְתִּי
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb poel perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5953
Occurrences
1
בֶעָפָ֣ר
Lemma
b/6083
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H6083
Occurrences
7
קַרְנִֽי
Lemma
7161 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7161
Occurrences
55
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Σάκκον ἔῤῥαψαν ἐπὶ βύρσης μου, τὸ δὲ σθένος μου ἐν γῇ ἐσβέσθη.

12 word entries
Σάκκον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
sakkon
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
30
ἔῤῥαψαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
eapsan
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss
they ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
βύρσης
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
byrses
Morphology
genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
μου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐγώ
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss
I
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences
11445
τὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὁ
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
δὲ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
δέ
Transliteration
de
Morphology
postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss
but, and, now
Part of Speech
conjunction/particle
Definition
Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences
4634
σθένος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
sthenos
Morphology
nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
μου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐγώ
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss
I
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences
11445
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
γῇ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
γῆ
Transliteration
ge
Morphology
noun, feminine dative singular
Gloss
earth, land
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's
G1093
Occurrences
2962
ἐσβέσθη
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
esbesthe
Morphology
verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
was ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܣܩܐ ܐܬܟܒܢܬ ܥܠ ܡܫܟܝ ܘܦܠܦܠܬ ܒܥܦܪܐ ܪܝܫܝ

7 word entries
ܣܩܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܣܩܐ
Transliteration
sq'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
41
ܐܬܟܒܢܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'tkbnt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences
1
ܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠ
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3346
ܡܫܟܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
mshky
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
6
ܘܦܠܦܠܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wplplt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1
ܒܥܦܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
b'pr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
5
ܪܝܫܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
ryshy
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
51
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

סַקָא חַיְטֵית עֲלַוֵי מַשְׁכִי וּפַלְפְּלִית בְּעַפְרָא אַיְקָרִי׃

7 word entries
סַקָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
סקא
Transliteration
sq'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
14
חַיְטֵית
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chytyt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1
עֲלַוֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
140
מַשְׁכִי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שכי
Transliteration
mshky
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
5
וּפַלְפְּלִית
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wplplyt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1
בְּעַפְרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
b'pr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
74
אַיְקָרִי׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'yqry
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
5
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Concidit me vulnere super vulnus: irruit in me quasi gigas.

10 word entries
concidit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
concido
Transliteration
concidit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
49
me
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ego
Transliteration
me
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
6108
vulnere
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uulnus
Transliteration
vulnere
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
36
super
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
super
Transliteration
super
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3146
vulnus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uulnus
Transliteration
vulnus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
36
inruit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
irruo
Transliteration
inruit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
67
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
me
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ego
Transliteration
me
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
6108
quasi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quasi
Transliteration
quasi
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
989
gigans
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
gigas
Transliteration
gigans
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
17

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Psalms 7:5

Let my adversary pursue and take me; Let him trample me to the ground, And lay me prostrate in the dust! [[Pause.]]

4 relevance votes

Psalms 75:5

Lift not up your horn on high, And speak not with a stiff neck!

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 22:12

The Lord, Jehovah of hosts, calleth you this day To weeping and to lamentation, To baldness and to girding with sackcloth.

3 relevance votes

Job 30:19

He hath cast me into the mire, And I am become like dust and ashes.

2 relevance votes

Psalms 75:10

“I will bring down all the power of the wicked; But the righteous shall lift up their heads.”

2 relevance votes
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